nursing I final

which stage of parturition in the queen is characterized by lactational secretion, increased fetal movements, and relaxation around the perineal area

stage I

which of the following is a blind stick site

coccygeal in cow

cephalic in cat

jugular in horse

lateral saphenous in dog

coccygeal in cow

tuberculosis testing is conducted via

intradermal injection

from which vessel is the pulse most commonly felt in the horse

facial artery

rolling of the lower eyelid in toward the eye is known as

entropion

in a 2 week old, you are unable to place an IV catheter for fluids, which of the following routes of admin would be the next best choice

oral

IO

subq

intrarectal

IO

most appropriate method for administering mineral oil to a horse is

through an NGT

the horses eyes are located laterally on their head, how much binocular vision do they have

60 degrees

from which vessel is the pulse generally taken in a dog or cat

femoral artery

CRT is used to assess which condition

perfusion

when measuring a urinary catheter for placement in a male dog, the measurement is taken from

the tip of the prepuce to caudal portion of the bladder

when a fearful pet displays warnings as you approach its cage, the situation can be improved by

backing up

trauma to the sciatic nerve is a potential complication when administering an IM injection into which of the following muscles

cranial thigh muscle

semimembranosus muscle

triceps muscle

lumbosacral muscle

semimembranosus muscle

what is the point of balance in a cow

shoulder

seldinger guidewire technique refers to placement of

a multilumen catheter during a jugular catheter placement

estrous cycle length of the cow is apx

21 days

most horses are traditionally and typically handled from which direction

left side

placement of IVC in auricular vein is common practice in which species

pig

apx pregnancy length of camelid is

340-350 days

which muscle is appropriate to use for medication admin in cow and pig

cervical muscle

which is a sign of bacterial skin infection

pustules

gestation length dogs

60 days

which of the following size needles is most appropriate for performing a jugular venipuncture in a cow

25g

20g

18g

22g

18g

what is seen in an animal that is obtunded

not interested in surroundings

jugular vein catheterization is preferred over peripheral vein catheterization in the small animal patient for which of the following treatment scenarios

admin of total parenteral nutrition

meningitis is a potential complication associated with this procedure

cerebrospinal tap

common indication for placing an OGT in a small animal patient is

to admin activated charcoal to absorb an ingested toxin

what is occurring when camelids make a gurgling sound while being captured

getting ready to spit

petechiation inside the pinna may be a sign of

thrombocytopenia

what is the purpose of a subpalpebral lavage

to admin ophthalmic medications

BSE in males is designed to assess?

semen quality

attitude

disposition

all of the above

all of the above

physical restraint of the adult equine begins with which piece of equipment

halter

which may be a sign of upper airway disease

stertor

period of least reproductive activity in the bitch will occur during

anestrus

drop in body temp in near term bitch signals that whelping is imminent, this change occurs about how many hours before stage II

24 hours

what is the normal flight zone for a domestic horse in a field

10-30 feet

average length of estrous cycle in equine is

21 days

which may cause a weak peripheral pulse

hypovolemia

term for increased fluid in thoracic cavity

pleural effusion

which behavior is not related to estrus in equine

increased tendency to kick

once frozen semen has thawed, fertilization should occur within

12 hours

which animal, if improperly restrained, can break its own back while still being held

rabbit

what is the only commonly seen animal in a veterinary practice that can assist itself with a dystocia

feline

what is the best place to initially touch a horse

withers

stenotic nares are commonly seen in

brachycephalic breeds

unlike ruminants, pigs have a genetic predisposition to which of the following

hyperthermia

black walnut shavings may cause what problem in horses

laminitis

for normovolemic dog weighing 27 pounds, 8 ounces, how much urine should be produced in 24 hours

600ml

2ml/kg/hr

to ensure survival, once the chorioallantoic membrane ruptures during stage II parturition in the equine, the fetus must be outside of the birth canal within _____ minutes

70

if the eyeball feels firm on palpation, what is occurring

glaucoma

TPR dog

100-102.2

60-160 bpm

16-32 breath/min

TPR cats

100-102.2

140-220 bpm

20-42 breath/min

vet tech practice model

cyclical process

assessment

planning

implementation

evaluation

technician evaluation

accompanied by interventions or actions to help achieve the desired patient outcomes, can be in the hundreds

etiology

study of causation or origin of disease

ex: etiologic agent of heartworm disease is dirofilaria immitis

pathogenesis

mechanism of disease development

can be acute or chronic

heart failure - dogs

tachypnea

exercise intolerance

syncope

weakness

inc CRT

cough

pale MM

heart failure - cats

nonspecific

anorexia

depression

wt loss

can have dog like symptoms

left sided heart failure

fluids build up in pulmonary space and into pleural space

cats

right sided heart failure

venous congestion occurring in thorax and abdominal cavities (ascites)

HCM

hypertrophic

cats

inc thickness of left ventricle

DCM

dilated

dogs

extreme and ventricular dilation but with reduced contractility

cholangitis

inflammation of bile ducts

azotemia

serum elevations of BUN and CREA

urolith recurrence

50%

E. coli

most common cause of UTIs

hyperthyroid symptoms

cats

wt loss

inc appetite

inc activity

PU/PD

V/D

hypothyroid symptoms

dogs

wt gain

exercise intolerance

altered mentation

lethargy

DM type 1

dogs

DM type 2

cats

4 cardinal signs of diabetes

PU/PD

wt loss

polyphagia

cushings symptoms

inc appetite

wt gain

lethargy

muscle weakness

PU/PD

skin/coat abnormalities

pot-bellied appearance

cushings tx

mitotane or trilostane to reduce amount of excessive ACTH

addisons symptoms

anorexia

V/D

PU/PD

weakness

collapse

wt loss

bradycardia

weak pulses

altered mentation

inc CRT

addisons tx

stabilize if in crisis

lifelong tx with mineralocorticoids ± glucocorticoids

neonatal period

first 4 weeks of life

neonate PE

check for open fontanels

cleft palate

nursing schedule

q 2-4 hours

neonate timeline for dogs/cats

day 3 - umbilical cord falls off, lift head

day 7-12 - eyes open, begin crawling

day 14-16 - ears open

day 21 - can stand and have postural reflexes

weight gain in puppies/kittens

kittens - 10-15g/day

puppies - 10-15% of weight daily

deworming

begins at 2 weeks of life

at least 3 doses of pyrantel every 2 weeks

neonatal isoerythrolysis

type A kittens born to type B moms

must remove kitten for 1st day of life

mare preg checls

rectal US at 15, 30, 90 days to confirm preg

address twins

eval fluids

premature lactation

unless delivery is imminent there should be no milk

can happen if twins, placentitis, or miscalculation of delivery date

bagging up

increased udder enlargement

foaling

happens late at night or very early in the morning

parturition of foal

stage I - mare restless, paces, flank watches, bite or kick at sides, 1-2 hours

stage II - delivery of foal, usually within 10-15 minutes, ER if not delivered after 30 min or 70 min?

stage III - delivery of placenta usually within 3-4 hours, considered retained if over 6 hours

umbilical care

clean 3-4x over first 24 hours

colostrum quality

brix 20-30%

SG 1.08-1.09

order of disease

etiology→pathogenesis→lesions→clinical signs

assessment

gather data

take hx

PE

review med hx

planning

judgement is the tech eval which has pt outcomes identified

implementation

providing care to reach outcome identified

most common site for IV catheter placement in most large animal species

jugular

site for IM injections in cattle

lateral cervical only

why is it preferred to use right side for cranial vena cava venipuncture in pigs

to avoid damage to phrenic nerve

indications for ID injections

TB testing, allergy testing, local anesthesia

what is not an intervention for patients suffering from regurgitation

use of antiemetics

premature activation of trypsin in pancreas is associated with what condition

pancreatitis

feline pancreatitis symptoms

vomiting

lethargy

wt loss

anorexia

hypothermia