Intersectional climate change

What does an intersectional analysis of climate catastrophe emphasize?

That racism, sexism, colonialism, and capitalism intersect to create compounded disadvantages. (Crenshaw, 1991; Gonzalez, 2020; Bhambra & Newell, 2022)

Why must climate change be understood historically?

Because it's inseparable from the colonial processes that produced global inequalities. (Bhambra & Newell, 2022)

What is the Anthropocene linked to, according to Gonzalez? (2020)

The Anthropocene is inextricably linked to the legacies of colonialism and the racialized structures of capitalism.”

Why is climate justice necessary, according to Aditi Mukherji?

Climate justice is crucial because those who have contributed least to climate change are being disproportionately affected.” (IPCC, 2023)

What does the IPCC (2023) say about current climate plans?

“The pace and scale of what has been done so far and current plans are insufficient to tackle climate change.”

How is climate colonialism defined by Bhambra & Newell? (2022)

“The climate crisis cannot be understood outside the context of historical and ongoing colonial exploitation.” (

How does climate policy reproduce colonial patterns?

Through mechanisms like REDD+ and green energy investments that displace Indigenous communities. (Alexandrapopescu, 2024; Gonzalez, 2020)

What does “carbon capitalism” refer to?

A system rooted in colonialism, slavery, and genocide, fuelling both the Industrial Revolution and climate catastrophe. (Gonzalez, 2020)

What is the “decarbonization divide”?

The Global North shifts the burdens of emissions reduction to the Global South while continuing to benefit. (Sovacool et al., 2020)

What is climate apartheid, according to Philip Alston?

The divide where the affluent can protect themselves from climate impacts, while the rest face devastation. (Gonzalez, 2020)

What does Fraser (2021) argue about capitalism and climate?

“The climate crisis is an expression of capitalist dynamics that privilege short-term profit over long-term sustainability.”

What is Foster’s (1999) “metabolic rift”?

A concept describing how capitalism alienates humans from nature and disrupts ecological cycles. (Foster, 1999)

Why can’t capitalism solve the climate crisis, according to Magdoff & Foster?

“Capitalism is a system that is inherently destructive to the environment.” (Magdoff & Foster, 2010)

What does Park (2015) say about capitalism's growth logic?

“The imperative for perpetual growth... is fundamentally at odds with the finite limits of Earth’s resources.” (Park, 2015)

What is the 'capital–climate contradiction'?

Capital’s need to endlessly expand undermines the conditions necessary for life. (Stuart et al., 2020)

How does Mellor describe the gendered effects of climate change? (2019)

Droughts, soil degradation and water scarcity” disproportionately affect women in the Global South.

What does ecofeminism argue about capitalism?

That it treats both nature and women as “costless externalities.” (Mellor, 2019; Mies & Shiva, 1993)

What percentage of those displaced by climate change are women?

Around 80%, due to gendered social roles and dependency on natural resources. (Mohamed & Mohamed, 2023)

How is care work linked to ecological strategy in ecofeminism?

Reproductive labour ties women’s work to ecological cycles and sustainability. (Mellor, 2019)

What is the role of Indigenous women in environmental justice?

They are both disproportionately affected and central to resistance movements, yet often excluded from policy. (Gratani, 2016)

What does Mike Davis say about utopia and climate catastrophe? (2024)

“Only a return to explicitly utopian thinking can clarify the minimal conditions for the preservation of human solidarity

What is Fraser’s proposed counter-hegemonic bloc? (2021)

A movement connecting climate with authoritarianism, racism, and inequality to forge a new common sense.

What are the three pillars of democratic confederalism?

Radical democracy, gender emancipation, and ecological sustainability. (Stuart et al., 2020)

What does Buen Vivir advocate?

A vision of harmony with nature, collective

What does Klein mean by “disaster capitalism”? (2014)

The use of crises to push through neoliberal reforms and perpetuate imperialism.