Simplified DSM-5 Study Guide – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and disorders from the Simplified DSM-5 Study Guide, intended for exam review.

Fear

An emotional response to a real or perceived imminent threat, marked by arousal, thoughts of immediate danger and escape behaviors.

Anxiety

Anticipation of future threat, often involving muscle tension, vigilance and cautious or avoidant behavior.

Panic Attack

An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, featuring physical and cognitive symptoms.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent, excessive worry about multiple domains accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbance.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with persistent concern or behavior change related to additional attacks.

Agoraphobia

Marked fear or avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable in the event of panic-like symptoms.

Specific Phobia

Excessive, out-of-proportion fear or avoidance of a specific object or situation (e.g., animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational).

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear or avoidance of social situations involving possible scrutiny, with thoughts of being negatively evaluated.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Developmentally inappropriate fear concerning separation from attachment figures.

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in certain social situations despite speaking in others, interfering with achievement or social communication.

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregivers following severe social neglect, with limited positive affect and emotional regulation.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with strangers following severe neglect.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Characteristic symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition/mood, arousal) after exposure to traumatic event(s).

Acute Stress Disorder

PTSD-like symptoms lasting 3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure.

Adjustment Disorders

Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, occurring within 3 months of the stressor.

Obsessions

Recurrent, intrusive thoughts, urges or images that are unwanted and cause anxiety or distress.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts driven to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Time-consuming obsessions and/or compulsions causing distress or impairment.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation with perceived physical flaws and repetitive behaviors or mental acts related to appearance.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter and distress.

Trichotillomania

Recurrent hair pulling resulting in hair loss with repeated attempts to stop.

Excoriation Disorder

Recurrent skin-picking resulting in lesions with repeated attempts to stop.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Distressing somatic symptoms plus excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors about those symptoms.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Preoccupation with having or acquiring serious illness despite minimal or no somatic symptoms.

Conversion Disorder

Neurological symptoms incompatible with recognized neurological conditions.

Factitious Disorder

Falsification of symptoms or induction of injury/disease to assume a sick role without external rewards.

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Persistent experiences of unreality or detachment from oneself or surroundings with intact reality testing.

Dissociative Amnesia

Inability to recall important autobiographical information, often following stress or trauma.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Presence of two or more distinct personality states with recurrent amnesia for everyday events.

Major Depressive Disorder

At least two weeks of depressed mood or anhedonia plus additional symptoms causing impairment.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Depressed mood most of the day for at least two years with accompanying symptoms.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Mood, behavioral and physical symptoms recurring in the premenstrual phase and remitting after menses.

Manic Episode

A week or more of abnormally elevated or irritable mood and increased energy plus additional symptoms.

Hypomanic Episode

Similar to mania but lasting at least four days and not severe enough to cause marked impairment.

Bipolar I Disorder

At least one lifetime manic episode; depressive or hypomanic episodes may occur but are not required.

Bipolar II Disorder

At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, with no history of mania.

Cyclothymic Disorder

At least two years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that don’t meet full episode criteria.

Delusions

Fixed, false beliefs not amenable to contrary evidence.

Hallucinations

Perception-like experiences without external stimulus, vivid and clear.

Schizophrenia

Two or more psychotic symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations) for at least six months with functional decline.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Mood episode concurrent with psychotic symptoms plus at least two weeks of psychosis without mood symptoms.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Sudden onset of psychosis lasting 1 day to less than 1 month.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Schizophrenia-like symptoms lasting 1–6 months without required decline in functioning.

Catatonia

Marked psychomotor disturbance with three or more features such as stupor, mutism, or waxy flexibility.

Personality Disorder

Enduring, inflexible pattern of inner experience and behavior deviating from cultural expectations causing distress or impairment.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others without sufficient basis.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Social deficits with cognitive/perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others since age 15.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability in relationships, self-image, affect and marked impulsivity.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive, clinging behavior.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency.

Pica

Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for at least one month.

Rumination Disorder

Repeated regurgitation of food for at least one month.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Eating disturbance leading to inadequate intake without body image concern.

Anorexia Nervosa

Restricted energy intake, intense fear of weight gain and disturbed body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

Recurrent binge eating with compensatory behaviors and overvaluation of weight/shape.

Binge-Eating Disorder

Recurrent binge eating without compensatory behaviors causing distress.

Enuresis

Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes after age 5, occurring twice weekly for three months.

Encopresis

Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places after age 4, at least once monthly for three months.

Insomnia Disorder

Difficulty initiating, maintaining, or returning to sleep at least three nights per week for three months.

Hypersomnolence Disorder

Excessive sleepiness despite adequate main sleep, three times per week for three months.

Narcolepsy

Recurrent irresistible sleep attacks with features like cataplexy or low hypocretin, three times per week for three months.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

≥5 obstructive apneas/hypopneas per hour plus breathing disturbance or daytime sleepiness.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Urge to move legs that begins/worsens at rest, relieved by movement and worse in evening.

Delayed Ejaculation

Marked delay or inability to ejaculate during partnered activity despite desire.

Erectile Disorder

Difficulty obtaining or maintaining erections during partnered activity.

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Reduced intensity or absence of orgasm despite adequate stimulation.

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

Lack or reduction of sexual interest or arousal in females.

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Difficulty with vaginal penetration, pelvic pain, fear of pain, or pelvic floor tension.

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Deficient or absent sexual thoughts/fantasies and desire for sexual activity in males.

Premature (Early) Ejaculation

Persistent ejaculation within ~1 minute of penetration and before desired.

Gender Dysphoria

Distress due to incongruence between experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.

Transgender

Individuals whose gender identity differs from their natal sex.

Voyeuristic Disorder

Sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting persons naked or engaging in sexual activity.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Sexual arousal from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger.

Frotteuristic Disorder

Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person.

Sexual Masochism Disorder

Sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten or made to suffer.

Sexual Sadism Disorder

Sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person.

Pedophilic Disorder

Sexual arousal involving prepubescent children by someone at least 16 and 5 years older than the child.

Fetishistic Disorder

Sexual arousal from nonliving objects or highly specific nongenital body parts.

Transvestic Disorder

Sexual arousal from cross-dressing.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness lasting at least six months.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Recurrent impulsive aggressive outbursts grossly out of proportion to stressors.

Conduct Disorder

Repetitive behavior violating others’ rights or societal norms (e.g., aggression, theft, rule violation).

Pyromania

Recurrent deliberate fire-setting with tension before and pleasure or relief after the act.

Kleptomania

Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal unneeded items, with pleasure or relief during theft.

Substance Use Disorder

Problematic pattern of substance use leading to impairment/distress with impaired control, social impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria.

Tolerance

Need for increased amounts of substance for same effect or diminished effect with continued use of same amount.

Withdrawal

Substance-specific syndrome due to cessation or reduction after heavy, prolonged use.

Delirium

Acute disturbance in attention and awareness with additional cognitive changes, due to a medical condition or substance.

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Significant cognitive decline interfering with independence in daily activities.

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Modest cognitive decline not interfering with everyday independence but requiring extra effort or strategies.

Alzheimer’s Disease (NCD)

Insidious onset and gradual progression of memory and learning impairment leading to major or mild NCD.

Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder

Cognitive deficits related to cerebrovascular events with prominent decline in attention and executive function.

Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder

Progressive behavioral disinhibition or language impairment due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Lewy Body Disease (NCD)

Fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations and spontaneous Parkinsonism suggestive of Lewy bodies.