Reproductive System

testes

male gonads

scrotum

sac that holds the testes

epididymis

coiled tube where sperm mature

vas deferens

tube that carries sperm

prostate gland

adds fluid to semen

semen

fluid containing sperm

ovaries

female gonads

fallopian tubes

carry the ovum to the uterus

uterus

organ where a fetus develops

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

myometrium

muscle layer of the uterus

cervix

neck of the uterus

vagina

canal from the cervix to the outside

vulva

external female genitalia

mammary glands

breasts

ovum

female reproductive cell

ovulation

release of an egg from the ovary

menstruation

monthly shedding of the uterine lining

menarche

first menstrual period

menopause

permanent end of menstruation

fertilization

joining of sperm and ovum

zygote

fertilized ovum

embryo

developing organism through week eight

fetus

developing organism from week nine to birth

placenta

exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and fetus

umbilical cord

connects the fetus to the placenta

amniotic fluid

fluid that cushions the fetus

gestation

length of pregnancy (about 40 weeks)

colostrum

first milk after birth

gravida

number of pregnancies

para

number of births after viability

prenatal

before birth

postpartum

after childbirth

neonate

newborn

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation

menorrhagia

heavy menstrual bleeding

metrorrhagia

bleeding between periods

endometriosis

endometrial tissue outside the uterus

fibroids

benign uterine tumors

pelvic inflammatory disease

infection of the female reproductive organs

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy outside the uterus

preeclampsia

high blood pressure in pregnancy

placenta previa

placenta covers the cervix

BPH

benign enlargement of the prostate

cryptorchidism

undescended testicle

hydrocele

fluid around a testis

testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord

erectile dysfunction

inability to maintain an erection

chlamydia

common bacterial sexually transmitted infection

HPV

virus that can cause warts and cervical cancer

Pap test

screening for cervical cancer

mammography

radiographic imaging of the breast

colposcopy

visual exam of the cervix and vagina

hysterectomy

removal of the uterus

oophorectomy

removal of an ovary

mastectomy

removal of a breast

tubal ligation

tying of the fallopian tubes

cesarean section

delivery through an abdominal incision

amniocentesis

puncture of the amniotic sac to remove fluid

vasectomy

removal of part of the vas deferens

circumcision

removal of the foreskin

PSA

blood test for the prostate

obstetrics

care of pregnancy and childbirth

gynecology

care of the female reproductive system