pathophys - essay 10

An extracellular fluid volume deficit occurs when water loss exceeds intake. This causes hypovolemia and an osmotic imbalance. Because the extracellular fluid becomes highly concentrated with solutes, it creates a hypertonic state outside the cells. Consequently, water is drawn out of the intracellular space to balance the concentration, resulting in cellular dehydration and shrinkage. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

🟩 Hyperhydration

An excess of total body water causes the dilution of extracellular electrolytes. This dilution creates a hypotonic state in the extracellular fluid relative to the inside of the cells. Consequently, water shifts into the intracellular space toward the higher solute concentration, leading to cellular swelling and edema. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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DILUTION OF EE - WATER SHIFTS INTO! CELLS IN HYPO! TONIC STATES → EDOMEA AND SWELLING

the tonic is always in relation to AMOUNT OF ELECTROLYTES!!!!!

💧 Dehydration & Hyperhydration Summary 💧 Dehydration

Definition:
Loss of body water greater than intake → ↓ extracellular fluid volume.

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🔹 Isotonic Dehydration

Definition:
Equal loss of water and electrolytes.

Causes: VEB D

• Diarrhea

• Vomiting

• Bleeding

• Excessive sweating

Symptoms: dilf!

• Dry skin

• Increased hemoglobin CONC cause u lose plasa water

• Low blood pressure

• Fatigue

Treatment:

• Oral rehydration salts (ORS)

• Isotonic IV fluids

Complication:

• Hypovolemic shock

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🔹 Hypotonic Dehydration

Definition:
Greater loss of electrolytes than water.

Causes:

• Excessive sweating (HIGH)

• Low salt intake (LOW)

Symptoms:

• Muscle cramps

• Headache

• Confusion

Treatment:

• Sports drinks

• IV saline solution

Complication:

• Brain cell swelling → cerebral edema

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🔹 Hypertonic Dehydration

Definition:
Greater loss of water than electrolytes.

Causes:

• High fever

• Inadequate water intake

• Diuretics

• Excessive sweating

Symptoms:

D TISM!

• Thirst

• Dry mouth

• Irritability

• Seizures

• Muscle twitching

Treatment:

• Hypotonic fluid replacement

Complication:

• Cellular shrinkage

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💦 Hyperhydration

Definition:
Excess body water → dilution of electrolytes.

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🔹 Isotonic Hyperhydration

Definition:
Excess water and electrolytes.

Causes:

• Fluid retention

• Excess IV fluids

Symptoms:

• Swelling

• Bloating

• Increased blood pressure

Treatment:

• Diuretics (water pills

Complication:

• Cardiac or renal stress

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🔹 Hypotonic Hyperhydration

Definition:
Excess water compared to electrolytes.

Causes:

• Drinking excessive water without electrolytes (e.g. athletes)

Symptoms:

• Nausea

• Headache

• Confusion

• Seizures

Treatment:

• Fluid restriction

Complication:

• Brain swelling → coma or death

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🔹 Hypertonic Hyperhydration

Definition:
Excess electrolytes compared to water.

Causes:

• Excess salt intake (e.g. saltwater ingestion – rare)

Symptoms:

• Intense thirst

• Dry mouth

• Confusion

• Dizziness

Treatment:

• Hypotonic fluid replacement

Complication:

• Cellular dehydration

• Kidney damage

for dehd = loss of X is more (hypo = ELECTROLYES, hyper = WATER is lost more)

or hydration -t alk about whats more in excess (hypo = always water, hyper = always electrolutes, that makes snese)

remmeber WE COMES LAST (WATER, ELECTROLYTES) IN HYDRATION SECTION = SO EXCESS OF WATER MEANS ITS E AND W IN DEHYDR (INC LOSS OF ELEC,, INC LOSS OF WATER)

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