Virology: Additional Viruses

HPV: characteristics

ds DNA virus, non-segmented
non-enveloped
humans
targets epithelial cells

HPV: disease

acute or chronic infection
warts: lack of immune response
-clearance can occur with development of immune response
cancer: cervical, penile, anal
-viral proteins activate cell growth and suppress apoptosis

HPV: transmission

sex

HPV: vaccine

yes (for some strains)
-against structural proteins from types of associated with cancer

HPV: treatment

drugs: yes (rarely used)
cryotherapy/acid to remove warts

HPV: prevention

safe sex, vaccination

Coronaviruses: characteristics

+ss RNA virus, non-segmented
-proof reading enzyme (doesn't evolve as fast as it could)
-has really large genome
enveloped

Coronaviruses: types

SARS, MERS, SARS-2 (COVID)
-zoonotic

Coronaviruses: disease

acute infection
common cold
-along with rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, RSV
-circulate in humans

Typical coronaviruses

restricted to upper respiratory tract
replicate @ 33-35 C
usually receptors other than ACE-2
generate poor memory immune responses
no vaccine or drugs

Coronaviruses: variants?

yes- different mutations

Coronaviruses: SARS-2

can go systemic (ACE-2)
memory immune responses?
-can block some innate immune responses
-cytokine storm

Coronaviruses: SARS-2 treatment

drugs: yes
vaccine: yes
-recombinant
-RNA

Monkey Pox: characteristics

ds DNA virus, non-segmented
enveloped

Monkey Pox: disease

acute infection
pox: filled with virus

Monkey Pox: vaccine

yes (limited supply)
many potential vaccines based on smallpox vaccine
-evidence for cross immunity

Monkey Pox: drugs

none

Monkey Pox: prevention

vaccination, avoid infected individuals

Arboviruses: characteristics

humans are dead end host

Arboviruses: transmission

insects
-replicates inside the insect vector

Arboviruses: treatment

no drugs
limited vaccines
-yellow fever

Zoonotic: characteristics

humans are dead end host

Zoonotic: rodents

Lassa, Hanta

Zoonotic: Ebola

unknown vector
passive immunization
vaccines?

Zoonotic: Various mammals

rabies- neurological infection

Zoonotic: Rabies

"universal" virus
passive immunization
vaccine (post exposure)

Diarrheal Viruses

rotavirus (vaccine), norovirus, norwalk virus, astrovirus

Prions

infectious protein
-no nucleic acid
-convert normal host protein
-can't do anything about them

Prions: transmission

consumption