Course 2 Module 4 Flashcards

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37 Terms

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Resource Record

The most common resource record, used to point a certain domain name at a certain IPv4 IP address.

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Anycast

A technique used to route traffic to different destinations depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health.

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Automatic Allocation

A range of IP addresses is set aside for assignment purposes.

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Caching and Recursive Name Servers

Servers generally provided by an ISP or local network to store domain name lookups for a certain amount of time.

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CNAME

A resource record used to map one domain to another.

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DHCP Discovery

The process by which a client configured to use DHCP attempts to get network configuration information.

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Domain Name System (DNS)

A global and highly distributed network service that resolves website names into IP addresses.

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DNS Zones

A portion of space in the DNS that is controlled by an authoritative name server.

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Domain

Used to demarcate where control moves from a top-level domain name server to an authoritative name server.

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Domain Name

A website name; the part of the URL following 'www'.

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Dynamic Allocation

A range of IP addresses set aside for client devices, where one is issued when requested.

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Fixed Allocation

Requires a manually specified list of MAC addresses and the corresponding IPs.

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Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

When you combine all parts of a domain together.

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IP Masquerading

NAT obscures the sender's IP address from the receiver.

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MX Record

Mail exchange record used to deliver email to the correct server.

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Name Resolution

The process of using DNS to turn a domain name into an IP address.

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Network Address Translation (NAT)

A mitigation tool allowing one public IP address and many private IPs within a network.

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NS Record

Indicates other name servers that may also be responsible for a specific zone.

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NTP Servers

Servers used to keep all computers on a network synchronized in time.

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Pointer Resource Record

Resolves an IP to a name.

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Port Forwarding

A technique where specific ports can be configured to always be delivered to specific nodes.

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Port Preservation

A technique where the source port chosen by a client is the same as used by the router.

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Proxy Service

A server acting on behalf of a client to access another service.

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Quad A (AAAA) Record

Similar to an A record but returns an IPv6 address instead of an IPv4 address.

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Recursive Name Servers

Servers that perform full DNS resolution requests.

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Reverse Lookup Zone Files

Let DNS resolvers ask for an IP and get the FQDN associated with it returned.

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Reverse Proxy

A service appearing as a single server to external clients, representing many servers behind it.

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Round Robin

A concept iterating over a list of items one by one in an orderly fashion.

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SRV Record

A service record used to define the location of various specific services.

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Start of Authority

A declaration of the zone and the name of the authoritative name server for it.

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Top Level Domain (TLD)

The last part of a domain name, e.g., 'com' in www.weather.com.

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Time-To-Live Field (TTL)

An 8-bit field indicating how many router hops a datagram can traverse before being discarded.

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Two-Factor Authentication

A technique requiring more than a username and password for authentication.

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TXT Record

Stands for text, originally for associating descriptive text with a domain name.

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Types of DNS Servers

There are five primary types: caching, recursive, root, TLD, and authoritative name servers.

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Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A technology allowing the extension of a private network to a host outside that local network.

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Zone Files

Configuration files declaring all resource records for a particular zone.