Course 2 Module 4 Flashcards

Resource Record

The most common resource record, used to point a certain domain name at a certain IPv4 IP address.

Anycast

A technique used to route traffic to different destinations depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health.

Automatic Allocation

A range of IP addresses is set aside for assignment purposes.

Caching and Recursive Name Servers

Servers generally provided by an ISP or local network to store domain name lookups for a certain amount of time.

CNAME

A resource record used to map one domain to another.

DHCP Discovery

The process by which a client configured to use DHCP attempts to get network configuration information.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A global and highly distributed network service that resolves website names into IP addresses.

DNS Zones

A portion of space in the DNS that is controlled by an authoritative name server.

Domain

Used to demarcate where control moves from a top-level domain name server to an authoritative name server.

Domain Name

A website name; the part of the URL following 'www'.

Dynamic Allocation

A range of IP addresses set aside for client devices, where one is issued when requested.

Fixed Allocation

Requires a manually specified list of MAC addresses and the corresponding IPs.

Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

When you combine all parts of a domain together.

IP Masquerading

NAT obscures the sender's IP address from the receiver.

MX Record

Mail exchange record used to deliver email to the correct server.

Name Resolution

The process of using DNS to turn a domain name into an IP address.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A mitigation tool allowing one public IP address and many private IPs within a network.

NS Record

Indicates other name servers that may also be responsible for a specific zone.

NTP Servers

Servers used to keep all computers on a network synchronized in time.

Pointer Resource Record

Resolves an IP to a name.

Port Forwarding

A technique where specific ports can be configured to always be delivered to specific nodes.

Port Preservation

A technique where the source port chosen by a client is the same as used by the router.

Proxy Service

A server acting on behalf of a client to access another service.

Quad A (AAAA) Record

Similar to an A record but returns an IPv6 address instead of an IPv4 address.

Recursive Name Servers

Servers that perform full DNS resolution requests.

Reverse Lookup Zone Files

Let DNS resolvers ask for an IP and get the FQDN associated with it returned.

Reverse Proxy

A service appearing as a single server to external clients, representing many servers behind it.

Round Robin

A concept iterating over a list of items one by one in an orderly fashion.

SRV Record

A service record used to define the location of various specific services.

Start of Authority

A declaration of the zone and the name of the authoritative name server for it.

Top Level Domain (TLD)

The last part of a domain name, e.g., 'com' in www.weather.com.

Time-To-Live Field (TTL)

An 8-bit field indicating how many router hops a datagram can traverse before being discarded.

Two-Factor Authentication

A technique requiring more than a username and password for authentication.

TXT Record

Stands for text, originally for associating descriptive text with a domain name.

Types of DNS Servers

There are five primary types: caching, recursive, root, TLD, and authoritative name servers.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A technology allowing the extension of a private network to a host outside that local network.

Zone Files

Configuration files declaring all resource records for a particular zone.