Bio exam 2, bio 210 bracht

Organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles

Bacteria and Archaea

Disease-causing prokaryotes are often these

Pathogenic bacteria (prokaryotes)

Extremophiles are often these

Archaea (prokaryotes)

A method for how to prove that a microbe causes a disease

Koch's postulates

1: The suspected pathogen must be present in every case of the disease studied, but not in healthy individuals.

2: The microbe must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in a pure culture, meaning only that specific microbe is present.

3: The isolated microbe must be introduced into a healthy susceptible host, causing the same disease symptoms as seen in the original infected organism.

4: The microbe must be re-isolated from the newly infected host and identified as the same microbe originally isolated from the diseased organism.

A method of measuring peptidoglycan, makes bacteria purple or pink

Gram stain

These prokaryotes are part of the human microbiome but have never been shown to cause disease

Commensal bacteria

One cell membrane, one layer of thick peptidoglycan

Gram positive bacteria cell structure

Discovered by Carl Woese

Archaea

Compounds that kill bacteria or stop their growth

antibiotics

Gets energy from light

photoautotrophs

Microbes that live on us

Bacteria, Fungi, and mites

Molecule that gives up electron

electron donor

organism that eats methane

methanotroph

Microbes immobilized in polysaccharide matrix on a surface

trapped within a sticky, gel-like layer made of sugar-based molecules (polysaccharides) that firmly attaches them to a solid surface, forming a microbial community often called a biofilm.

Two cell membranes, peptidoglycan in between

Gram negative bacteria cell wall structure

Gets energy from organic molecules

Heterotrophs

Barcode of life, studied by Carl Woese

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Carbon fixed by self to make complex molecules

taking inorganic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converting it into organic compounds, like sugars, through a process called photosynthesis

Workbench for protein production in a cell

Ribosome

Complex carbon compounds harvested from environment

Carbon cycle

Gets energy from inorganic molecules

Chemoautotrophs

Molecules made by living things

Biomolecules

Molecule takes up electron

Electron acceptor

organism that makes methane

Methanogens