Neurotransmitters and Psychoactive Drugs Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to neurotransmitters, hormones, and the effects of psychoactive drugs on the body.

What are the main roles of serotonin?

Mood regulation, sleep, hunger, and arousal.

What happens if serotonin levels are too low?

It may lead to depression and reduced alertness.

What is the primary function of GABA?

GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter that calms neural activity and promotes relaxation.

What are endorphins known for?

Endorphins are natural painkillers associated with pleasure.

What condition can occur if glutamate levels are too high?

Anxiety, due to increased brain excitement.

What does an agonist do in terms of neurotransmitter activity?

An agonist mimics a neurotransmitter and activates the receptor.

What is the role of reuptake inhibitors?

They block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters back into the sending neuron.

What does the pituitary gland control?

It controls other glands and releases hormones that regulate growth, development, and many body functions.

What hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and triggers fight or flight responses?

Adrenaline.

What is tolerance in relation to psychoactive drugs?

A condition where the body adapts to a drug, requiring larger amounts to achieve the same effect.

What is withdrawal?

Discomfort or distress that occurs when you stop using a drug you're dependent on.

How do stimulants affect body functions?

Stimulants speed up body functions and excite neural activity.

What distinguishes hallucinogens from other drug classes?

Hallucinogens are psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions.

What is the effect of cocaine on neurotransmitters?

Cocaine blocks reuptake of dopamine and serotonin, producing intense euphoria followed by a crash.

What does MDMA primarily release?

MDMA causes a major release of serotonin and some dopamine.

How does marijuana affect perception?

It binds to cannabinoid receptors, amplifying colors, sounds, tastes, and smells.