Unit 7 Terms (PART 1)

Abdicated

To renounce one's throne

"Ace"

WW I airplane pilot who fought in battles

Aircraft carriers

Ships that allowed planes to take off from and land on their decks at sea

Alliances

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

Allies

WWI: France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Greece.

Amphibious

Land and sea

Anti-Comintern Pact

A military alliance between German and Japan based on mutual distrust of communism

Anti-Semitism

Hostility toward Jews

ANZAC

Australian and New Zealand fighting forces

Appeasement

Giving into demands hoping to keep the peace

Armament

Military weapons and equipment

Armistice Day

The day Germany surrendered on, Nov. 11, 1918

Arms Race

A pattern of competitive acquisition of military capability between two or more countries. "military build up"

Aryans

Master race of non-Jewish Caucasians usually having Nordic features and descended from early speaking Indo-European ancestry

"Asia for Asiatics"

A program that Japan used that forced people they had conquered into labor programs

Ataturk

"father of the Turks", a name awarded to Mustafa Kemal.

Atlantic Charter

Britain and the US forged a policy statement which set basic goals for the post-war world

Auschluss

Political Union of Germany with Austria

Authoritarian

Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.

Axis Power The alliance among Germany, Japan, and Italy

Balfour Declaration

British government stated that Palestine should become permanent home for the Jews of Europe.

Balkanization

Disintegration into separate states

Battle of Britain

When the Germans turned to bombing British cities after the British Royal Air Force conducted a raid on Berlin

Battle of the Bulge

Germany's last attempt against the Allies. It was fought in the Ardennes Forest across parts of France, Belgium, and Luxembourg

Battle of Coral Sea

First Allied victory against Japan.

Battle of Kursk

Largest tank battle of the war

Battle of Stalingrad

Soviet counter offensive successfully defeated the German Sixth Army and changed the momentum of the war in Europe

Big Four

The Allies at the Paris Peace Conference which included Wilson, George, Clemenceau, and Orlando.

Big Three

What the Allied group was called at the Paris Peace Conference after Italy left.

Black Hand

A nationalist organization devoted to ending Austro-Hungarian presence in the Balkans. (terrorist group)

Blitzkrieg

"lightening war" Used to quickly subdue an enemy

Bolsheviks

An organization representing the revolutionary working class of Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.

Central Powers

WWI: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Chamberlain, Neville

British Prime Minister at the start of WWII

Churchill, Winston

British Prime Minister at the end of WWII. Saw Britain through her "finest hour"

Civil Disobedience

The active professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government.

Collectivized Agriculture

A process in which farmland was taken from private owners and given to collectives to manage.

Communists

Believed that workers eventually should own the means of production and that collective ownership would lead to collective prosperity and a just society.

Conscription Compulsory

enlistment in the armed forces.

Corporatist

A person who advocates for the control of a state or organization by large interest groups

Corporatism

A theory based on the notion that the sectors of the economy -the employers, the trade unions, and state officials- are seen as separate organs of the same body.

Coup

A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government

D-Day

"Operation Overlord" when 150,000 Allied forces under Eisenhower launched an amphibious invasion form England, landing on the baches of Normandy in northern France.

Danzig

Port in Poland that Hitler took over after the Munich Agreement

Decolonization

The undoing of colonialism whereby a nation establishes and maintains its domination itself.

Deficit spending

Government spending more money that they take in.

Demagogue

A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.

Diaz, Porfirio

Mexico dictator at the beginning of the 20th century

Disenfranchise

Deprived of power; marginalized. To deprive of rights or privileges.

"Dog Fight"

Fighting between two airplanes in the air

Estado Novo

"New State"

Ethnic cleansing

The systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, and religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making a region ethnically homogeneous

Expatriate

A person who lives outside their own country

Fascism

A form of far-right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

Ferdinand, Franz(Archduke)

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne that was assassinated, which kicked of World War I

"Final Solution"

The campaign led by the SS to kill all Jews in Europe

Firebombing

A bombing technique designed to damage a target, generally an urban area, through the used of fire, caused by incendiary devices, rather than from the blast effect of large bombs

Fourteen Points

Wilson's ideas on how to settle the war. It was presented at the Paris Peace Conference.

Gallipoli

A peninsula in northwestern Turkey that the Australian and New Zealand troops mostly fought in

Gandhi, Mohandas

An Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.

Genocide

The attempted killing of a group of people based on their race, religion, or ethnicity.

Gentiles

People who are not Jewish

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Germany and Russia pledged not to attack one another

Ghetto

Sections of the city designated for certain minority groups

Global War

A war engaged in by all or most of the principal nations of the world

Great War

World War I

Guernica

A northern town in Spain that was the first to have an aerial bombing of civilians, done by the Germans and Italians

Gulags

Labor camps in Soviet Russia

Himmler, Heinrich

The leader of the Nazi special police, the SS. He over saw their policies

Hiroshima

Japanese town that the first atomic bomb was dropped on, Aug. 6, 1945

Hitler, Adolf

Leader of the German people who had extreme views on race and planned to create a powerful German empire.

Holocaust

The act of genocide led by the Nazis to kill about 6 million Jews

Hutus

Majority group in Rwanda

Hypernationalism

A belief in the superiority of one's nation over all others and the single-minded promotion of national interests

Il Duce

Affection term for Mussolini that the schoolchildren were taught.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Inflation

a general rise in prices in an economy

Influenza epidemic

Also known as the Spanish flu. Was an exceptionally deadly global influenza (flu) caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus in 1918

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

Dominated Mexican politics after the Revolutionary war, until 2000. Widely believed to be corrupt

Island Hopping

The Allies strategy to attack islands in the Pacific where Japan was weak and skip those where Japan was strong

Isolationism

A policy of remining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

Janjaweed

"evil men on horseback" Arab militants