Chapter 20: The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

Match the following:

A) Spleen

B) Lymph nodes

C) Thoracic duct

D) Lymph

E) Peyer’s patches

Protein-containing fluid within lymphatic vessels.

D) Lymph

Match the following:

A) Spleen

B) Lymph nodes

C) Thoracic duct

D) Lymph

E) Peyer’s patches

Stores blood platelets.

A) Spleen

Match the following:

A) Spleen

B) Lymph nodes

C) Thoracic duct

D) Lymph

E) Peyer’s patches

Receives lymph from most of the body.

C) Thoracic duct

Match the following:

A) Spleen

B) Lymph nodes

C) Thoracic duct

D) Lymph

E) Peyer’s patches

Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels.

B) Lymph nodes

Match the following:

A) Spleen

B) Lymph nodes

C) Thoracic duct

D) Lymph

E) Peyer’s patches

Largest lymphatic organ.

A) Spleen

Match the following:

A) Spleen

B) Lymph nodes

C) Thoracic duct

D) Lymph

E) Peyer’s patches

Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found in the wall of the small intestine.

E) Peyer’s patches

Small secondary lymphoid organs, which cluster along lymphatic vessels, are termed ______.

A) lymph follicles

B) lymph nodes

C) lacteals

D) lymphatics

B) lymph nodes

Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ?
A) pancreas

B) spleen

C) tonsils

D) Peyer’s patches of the intestine

A) pancreas

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of lymph?

A) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic capillaries

B) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks

C) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts

D) lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries

C) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts

The thymus is most active during _______.

A) fetal development

B) childhood

C) middle age

D) old age

B) childhood

Lymph traveling from the left arm would enter the venous circulation via the ______.

A) thoracic duct

B) right lymphatic duct

C) cisterna chili

D) axillary nodes

A) thoracic duct

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

A) lymphatic vessels

B) lymph nodes

C) lymph

D) erythrocytes

D) erythrocytes

The lymphatic capillaries are _______.

A) more permeable than blood capillaries

B) less permeable than blood capillaries

C) as permeable as blood capillaries

D) completely impermeable

A) more permeable than blood capillaries

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ______.

A) efferent lymphatic vessels

B) afferent lymphatic vessels

C) the cortical sinus

D) the subcapsular sinus

A) efferent lymphatic vessels

Lymph vessels do NOT transport _______.

A) erythrocytes

B) lymphocytes

C) excess tissue fluid

D) leaked plasma proteins

E) dietary fats

A) erythrocytes

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

A) Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently.

B) Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood.

C) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

D) T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances.

C) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ______.

A) tonsil

B) thymus

C) Peyer’s patch

D) appendix

A) tonsil

Which of the following structures is NOT considered mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

A) tonsils

B) Peyer’s patches

C) thymus

D) appendix

C) thymus

Peyer’s patches are found in the distal portion of the ______.

A) esophagus

B) small intestine

C) large intestine

D) stomach

B) small intestine

Lymphatic capillaries are present in ______.

A) bones and teeth

B) bone marrow

C) CNS
D) digestive organs

D) digestive organs

What is a bubo?
A) a wall in a lymph node

B) a lobe of the spleen

C) an infected Peyer’s patch

D) an infected lymph node

D) an infected lymph node

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does NOT ______.
A) have lymphocytes

B) produce hormones

C) have a cortex and medulla

D) directly fight antigens

D) directly fight antigens

Large clusters of lymph nodes are NOT found in the ______ region.

A) axillary

B) cervical

C) inguinal

D) popliteal

D) popliteal

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A) Peyer’s patches

B) palatine tonsils

C) lingual tonsils

D) islets of Langerhans

D) islets of Langerhans

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ______.

A) lingual tonsils

B) palatine tonsils

C) pharyngeal tonsils

D) Peyer’s tonsils

A) lingual tonsils

Which lymphoid organs and tissues are characterized by a cortex and medulla?

A) lymph nodes and thymus only

B) lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen only

C) lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) only

D) spleen and thymus only

A) lymph nodes and thymus only

Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age?

A) tonsils

B) appendix

C) spleen

D) thymus

D) thymus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
A) draining excess interstitial fluid

B) carrying out immune responses

C) transporting dietary fats

D) transporting respiratory gases

D) transporting respiratory gases

From the right leg, lymph moves in which order?
A) right lumbar trunk, right lymphatic duct, right subclavian vein

B) right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein

C) right lumbar trunk, right lymphatic duct, left subclavian vein

D) right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, subclavian vein

B) right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein

Although B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow, T cells mature in the ______.

A) spleen

B) thymus

C) tonsils

D) appendix

B) thymus

Lymphatic vessels:

A) collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces.

B) drain blood from lymph nodes.

C) are part of the venous system.

D) are built like arteries.

A) collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces.

Lymphatic capillaries owe their permeability to the presence of:
A) an open end that siphons fluid from the interstitial fluid.

B) minivalves in their walls.

C) tight junctions between adjacent cells.

D) proteins in the lymph fluid.

B) minivalves in their walls.

Which of the following represents a logical sequence of structures that contribute to the return of fluid into the blood via the lymphatic system?
A) Blood capillaries, arteries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

B) Arteries, lymphatic vessels, blood capillaries, subclavian vein

C) Arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

D) Subclavian vein, arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels

C) Arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

Which of the following would the body perceive as an antigen?
A) Bacteria

B) Virus

C) Mismatched red blood cell

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Lymph tends to stall inside lymph nodes. This is due to:
A) small-diameter spaces within the medulla.

B) the large volume of lymph entering the node.

C) fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels.

D) fewer afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent lymphatic vessels.

C) fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels.

Buboes are are inflamed and swollen:
A) tonsils

B) thymus

C) spleen

D) lymph nodes

D) lymph nodes

______ can enter lymph capillaries.

A) Bacteria

B) Large proteins

C) Interstitial fluid

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The ______ is the largest lymphoid organ.

A) lymph node

B) spleen

C) thymus

D) tonsil

B) spleen

The thymus is important for:
A) T lymphocyte maturation.

B) removal of foreign antigens.

C) B lymphocyte maturation.

D) secretion of hormones that promote B lymphocyte immunocompetence.

A) T lymphocyte maturation.

Tonsils promote memory of pathogens by:
A) secreting antibodies into the blood.

B) trapping food particles to support bacterial growth.

C) trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory.

D) producing B lymphocytes.

C) trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory.

Describe the structural and functional relationship between a capillary bed of the blood vascular system and lymphatic capillaries.

Leaked fluid and proteins from blood capillaries are picked up by the lymphatic capillaries. Lymphatic capillaries weave between tissue and blood capillaries. Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries.

Where are the lymph node aggregations most dense?

Lymph node aggregations are most dense in the cervical, axillary, thoracic, and inguinal regions. They are the most dense in these areas so they can filter lymph near the ends of the lymphatic system. It is also so that the lymph nodes can return fluid back to the heart.

Name the tonsils and state their body locations.

The types of tonsils include the palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, and tiny tubal tonsils. Palatine tonsils lie on both sides of the back of the oral cavity. Lingual tonsils lie at the base of the tongue. Pharyngeal tonsils lie in the back of the nasopharynx. Tiny tubal tonsil surround the openings of the auditory tubes. Tonsils help prevent infections.

How do the lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Lymphatic capillaries carry a one-way system flow that cycles only between the lymph organs and heart. Blood capillaries help carry blood to and from the heart and the rest of the body. Lymphatic capillaries are also slightly larger in diameter.

How does the lymphatic system both help and hinder the spread of cancer through the body?

Lymph nodes contain immune cells that help eliminate cancer cells. A cancer cell can also escape a lymph vessel in lymphatic filtration and can be spread throughout the body through the bloodstream. This can help strengthen cancer immunity as well.

Define the term MALT. What is its function?

MALT stands for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. MALT includes the appendix, Peyer’s patches, and tonsils. The function of MALT is to protect pathogens from entering the body.