Chapter 9 Molarity, pH & Titrations
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30 Terms
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What is a solvent?
The substance present in the largest amount.
What is a solute?
The substance dissolved in the solvent.
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that dissolves in water and conducts electricity because it forms ions.
What is a nonelectrolyte?
A substance that dissolves in water but does not conduct electricity.
What is dissociation?
The separation of an ionic compound into ions in water.
What is ionization?
The formation of ions from a molecular compound in water.
What is a strong electrolyte?
A substance that completely dissociates into ions.
What is a weak electrolyte?
A substance that partially ionizes in solution.
What are examples of strong electrolytes?
Soluble ionic compounds, strong acids, strong bases.
What are examples of weak electrolytes?
Weak acids and weak bases.
What does the equilibrium arrow (⇌) mean?
The reaction occurs in both directions.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
What is molarity?
Moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is the molarity formula?
M = moles/L.
How do you find moles from molarity?
Moles = M × L.
What is dilution?
The process of lowering concentration by adding solvent.
What is the dilution formula?
M1V1 = M2V2.
Why does the dilution formula work?
The number of moles remains constant.
What is serial dilution?
A series of repeated dilutions.
What do brackets [ ] represent in chemistry?
Concentration.
What is the pH formula?
pH = -log[H3O+].
How do you calculate hydronium concentration from pH?
[H3O+] = 10^(-pH).
What is the pH of pure water?
7.
What does a pH less than 7 indicate?
An acidic solution.
What does a pH greater than 7 indicate?
A basic solution.
What does a lower pH mean?
A higher hydronium concentration.
What is a titration?
A technique used to determine concentration using a known solution.
What is the equivalence point?
The point where reactants have completely reacted.
What is an endpoint?
The indicator color change.