Acids and Bases !!

What is an acid?

a substance that produces H+ ions in solution and has a pH of less than 7

What is an alkali?

A substance that dissolves in water to produce OH ions and has a pH of above 7

What is the pH scale?

scale used to measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is

What does the pH scale indicate?

concentration of H+ ions in a solution

What is an acidic solution?

solutions that have a higher concentration of H+(aq) ions than OH-(aq) and have a pH of below 7

What is an alkaline solution?

solutions that have a higher concentration of OH-(aq) ions than H+(aq) ions and have a pH of above 7

What is a neutral solution?

a solution that has a equal number of H+ and OH- ions and has a pH of 7

Ways to measure pH?

universal indicator solution, pH paper, pH meter

Dilution of an acidic solution with water will...?

decrease the concentration of H+(aq) and the pH will increase towards 7

Dilution of an alkaline solution with water will...?

decrease the concentration of OH-(aq) and the pH will decrease towards 7

Soluble non-metal oxides dissolve in water to form

acidic solutions

Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form

alkaline solutions
metal oxide + water --> metal hydroxide

What do metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia do to acids and what are they called?

neturalise acids, called bases

What are bases?

are substances which can neutralise acids and produce a salt and water

What do bases that dissolve in water form?

alkaline solutions

What is a neutralisation reaction?

when an acid reacts with a base and a salt and water is produced.

What is the word equation for a neutralisation reaction?

acid + base -> salt + water

What is the equation of a metal oxide neutralisation reaction?

metal oxide + acid —> salt + water

What is the equation of a metal hydroxide neutralisation reaction?

metal hydroxide + acid —> salt + water

What is the equation of a metal carbonate neutralisation reaction?

metal carbonate + acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

The name of the salt produced depends on the?

acid and bases used

Hydrochloric acid produces?

chloride salts

Sulfuric acid produces?

sulfate salts

Nitric acids produce ?

nitrate salts

What are spectator ions?

ions that are present during the reaction but are unchanged by the reaction

What is titration?

a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

What happens in an acid-base titration?

the concentration of the acid or base is determined by accurately measuring the volumes used in the neutralisation reaction.

Why can an indicator be added to a titration reaction?

to show the end point of an reaction

Given a balanced equation for the reaction occurring in any titration:

•the concentration of one reactant can be calculated given the concentration of the other reactant and the volumes of both solutions
• the volume of one reactant can be calculated given the volume of the other reactant and the concentrations of both solutions

Titration can be used to?

produce a soluble salt

What does concordant mean?

to be within agreement

What two pieces of equipment are used in titrations to measure accurate volumes?

Pipettes and burettes