Prelims - Week 1.1

Organic Chemistry

The study of compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen and their derivatives.

Organic Chemistry

One of the chemical foundations of Biochemistry.

Biochemistry

The study that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

Biochemistry

The “Chemistry of Life”

Inorganic Chemistry

It deals with Non-Carbon Compounds

Biochemical Substances

Naturally occurring elements or organisms that plays a role in biological processes.

Organic and Inorganic Biochemical Systems

Two groups under Biochemical Substances

Organic Biochemical Systems

What group of Biochemical Substances are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Substances under? It also includes simple organic molecules like vitamins.

Organic Biochemical Systems

What type/group of Biochemical Substances do you call the one that’s covering ¼ of Body Mass?

Inorganic Biochemical Systems

What group of Biochemical Substances includes Water, Minerals, and Charged Ions?

2/3 or Two-Thirds

Portion or Fraction of Human Body that is Water

Atoms

Smallest Unit of Matter with positively charged nucleus and surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Cells

Basic Unit of Life

Biochemistry

A subject or field that bridges the gap between living and non-living systems.

Hydrogen

Abundant element that makes up 96.5% of Atoms

96.5%

Hydrogen makes up how many percent of atoms?

Water, pH, and Buffers

Hydrogen is the most abundant element since it is present in what?

Carbon

It is the Backbone Chains for characteristics of life

Oxygen

Abundant element that is present in water, as well as in oxidative processes.

Nitrogen

Abundant element that can be seen in Proteins and Nucleic Acids.

70%

In Inorganic Biochemical Systems,

Water accounts for about What Percentage of a Cell’s Weight?

Water

In Inorganic Biochemical Systems,

What accounts for about 70% of a Cell’s Weight?

Boiling Point: 100 ^oC

Freezing Point: 0 ^oC

Boiling and Freezing Point of Water

1. Has High Specific Heat

2. Has High Heat of Vaporization

3. Water Exhibits Polarity

4. Hydrogen Bonding

Four [4] Properties of Water

Specific Heat

Defined by the amount of heat needed to reach the temperature of one gram of a substance per one degree Celsius.

1 cal / g / ^oC

Specific Heat of Water

Water has high heat of vaporization

Property of Water that talks about the amount of heat energy required to convert one gram of water to gas. It prevents an organism from overheating.

Evaporation

When water vapor is mixed with warm air, it begins to rise up into the atmosphere and is now called as?

Water Exhibits Polarity

Property of Water that makes it a Universal Solvent

Hydrogen Bonding

Property of Water that makes its characteristics Unique

Macrominerals

What Inorganic Substances do you call the following: Calcium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, and Sulfur?

Calcium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Sulfur

Name Seven [7] Macrominerals

Microminerals

Often referred to as Trace Minerals. Examples are Argon, Copper, Lead, Selenium, and Zinc.

Argon, Copper, Lead, Selenium, and Zinc

Name Five [5] Microminerals

Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Two Categories of Cell

Prokaryotes

Unicellular / Single-celled Organisms. Bacteria and Archaea are under this category.

Eukaryotes

Multicellular Organisms. It is found in Plants and Animals, also in Fungi and Protists.

Plant Cell Wall

Part of a cell that is outside the cell membrane. Animal Cells do not have this.

Chloroplasts

Present in Green Plants and Algae and is Responsible for Photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

What gives of the Green Pigment in plants?

Prokaryote lacks mitochondria so its cell membrane performs various functions like Energy Production.

Eukaryotes only use cell membrane as gate for the transport of substances In and Out of the cell. it also supports cell signaling, and maintain cell structure.

Difference of Cell Membranes in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Cytoskeleton

Part of the cell that contains microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Intermediate Filaments

Cytoskeleton includes what three [3] parts?

Prokaryotes: Cell membrane

Eukaryotes: Mitochondria

Where is the Site of Respiration for Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes: Single Cellular

Location: Nucleoid

Eukaryotes: Multiple / Paired Linear

Location: Nucleus

Description and Location of Prokaryote and Eukaryote’s DNA

Ribosomes

Site of Protein Synthesis in a cell

• Endoplasmic Reticulum [ER]

  • Protein Transport

• Golgi Apparatus

  • Cup-Shaped Membrane Sac

  • Protein Packing, Processing, Modifying, Sorting, Secretion

• Lysosomes

  • Garbage Collector

• Peroxisomes

  • Small Vesicles. Contains Digestive Enzymes

Four [4] Parts of the Cell that only exists in Eukaryotes. State their general function as well.

Vacuoles

Sac-Like Structure in a cell that Contains Water and is used as Storage.