Cell Theory and General Functions

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering the history of cell theory, major scientists, cellular functions, and physical properties like surface area to volume ratios based on lecture materials.

__________ ($1585–1632$) invented the first primitive microscope.

Zacharias Janssen

The scientist __________ ($1635–1703$) observed cork cells under a microscope.

Robert Hooke

The experiment of __________ ($1626–1697$) disproved the spontaneous generation theory.

Francesco Redi

__________ ($1632–1723$) observed microorganisms by using his own practical microscope.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Matthias Schleiden proposed that all __________ are composed of cells.

plants

__________ ($1810–1882$) proposed that all animals are composed of cells.

Theodor Schwann

The idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells was proposed by __________.

Rudolf Virchow

An organism’s ability to keep a constant internal state is called __________.

homeostasis

__________ serve as the cooling system to remove excess heat in the body.

Perspiration

The process of __________ generates metabolic heat to maintain body temperature.

shivering

Chemical energy is stored in the __________ present in food molecules.

bonds

Cells convert energy into forms that can be used by __________ cells to pump blood.

heart

Energy is used by __________ cells to conduct information.

nerve

__________ cells use energy to initiate motion.

skeletal

A tanning of the skin releases more __________ to protect underlying cells from UV radiation.

pigment

UV radiation is dangerous because it can damage the __________ of the cells.

DNA

__________ cells impart protection against pathogens and other foreign bodies.

Immune

The first principle of Cell Theory states that every living organism consists of __________ cells.

one or more

Principle 2 of Cell Theory states that the cell is the __________ unit of life.

fundamental

Cells contain __________ material, which they pass to their daughter cells when they divide.

hereditary

A smaller cell size results in a __________ surface area to volume ratio.

higher

A high surface area to volume ratio ensures cells get adequate __________ and prevents waste accumulation.

nutrients

Organisms may be __________ or multicellular based on their level of complexity.

unicellular

On a logarithmic scale, the size of a flu virus is approximately __________.

$$100\,nm$$

An atom's size on a relative logarithmic scale is recorded as __________.

$$0.1\,nm$$

A plant cell typically measures approximately __________ on the logarithmic scale.

$$100\,\mu m$$

In a box with a total surface area of $150$ and a total volume of $125$, the SA:Vol ratio is __________.

$$1.2$$

Intestinal cells use cellular energy to __________ food.

digest

The Principles of Cell Theory disproved the long-held belief in the theory of __________.

spontaneous generation

The __________ microscope is specifically listed as being used to view objects in the $0.1\,nm$ to $100\,nm$ range.

Electron microscope