JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

MANIFESTING PASADOOOOO

Juvenile delinquency

is defined as acts committed by a juvenile that, committed by an adult, would be a criminal act (Del Carmen and Trulson, 2006)

Juvenile delinquency

is the participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit (Siegel, welsh and Senna, 2007)

Juvenile

a CHILD or a YOUNG PERSON, who, under the legal system may be dealt with for a offense in a manner different from the adult.

Delinquency

refers to any action; course ot conduct that deviates form acts approved by the majority of people. It is description of those acts that are not conform to the accepted rules, norms, and mores of the society.

Delinquent

one of whose behavior has brought him into repeated conflict with the law regardless whether he has been taken before a court and adjudged a delinquent. Also one who has committed an offense that violated the approved norms of conduct amnd is guilty of a misdeed.

Status offense

is an act or behavior that is considered wrong or improper when it is; committed by a child or minor. The term status here refers to the condition of the person as being a minor or a child.

18 years

The age of majority in the philippines

Emancipation

This means that when a person reaches the age of eighteen, he is already an adult and no longer a child.

Emancipation

defined as the freedom from parental authority upon reaching the age of majority (18) over both the person and property with the exemption of the capacity to contract marriage.

Minor

refers to any person whose age is seventeen (17) years old and below.

Punishment

Laws are created by authorities to regulate our actions so that harmony and order is maintained in our society at all times.

Social norms

are those rules that are not being obeyed and written because down on of traditions, customs, culture and belief are still expected to obey them because these have been generally regarded as acceptable and also serve the purpose, failure to obey these harmony and order destroy the rule and the offender must be punished one way or another.

Juvenile delinquency prevention

refers to the efforts aimed at preventing children minors from committing delinquent acts, anti-social behavior and, ultimately, from getting involved in illegal and criminal activities at a young age.

Juveniles

is a person who has not reached adulthood or the age of majority (usually 18).

Juvenile justice system

refers to the segment of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, the courts and correctional agencies , designed to treat youthful offenders.

Juvenile justice systems

are designed based on the premise that minor offenders must be treated differently from adult offenders, thus different laws and procedures apply to them.

Chancery courts

were created in England to protect the property rights and welfare of minor children who could not care for themselves.

Act No 1438

otherwise known as the Juvenile Delinquent Law, enacted on December 3, 1924 and became effective in 1927.

Child and Youth Welfare Code

Then, during the administration of former president Ferdinand Marcos , presidential Decree 603, otherwise known as the

Mendicancy Law, or PD 1563

the law that prohibits exploitation of children by forcing them into begging in the street which was enacted on June 11.

Republic Act 7610

it refers to the Special Protection of children Against Abuse, Exploitation & Discrimination. This law Act, defined was enacted the various on June committed against children, which in child prostitution and child other pornography sexual abuse child trafficking, child labor.

The Domestic Adoption Act of 1998

At present, the adoption laws being implemented are RA 8552, otherwise known as

RA 9208

otherwise known as the Anti -Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, made into law on May 26, 2003. This law qualified the crime of trafficking in person when the victim is another important legislation for the protection of otherwise known as the Anti-violence Against women and Their children Act of 2004,

Anti-violence Against women and Their children Act of 2004,

This law provides protection for children from abuses committed by their own parents and certain relatives

Juvenile Justice and welfare Act of 2006.

This youthful law offenders is RA 9344,and juvenile justice otherwise known as the

RA 9344

the amendment of the minimum age of criminal responsibility which paved the way for the introduction of totally different procedures to be followed.

Anti -Child Pornography Act of 2009, or RA 9775

. It aims to protect every child from all forms of exploitation and abuse through the use of a child in pornographic performances and materials and the inducement or coercion of a child to engage or to be involved in pornography.

Genetics

is the science of heredity.

Genes

contain the traits of both the father and the mother and that is why genes are called the carriers of heredity.

Prenatal period

starts from conception and lasts up to birth

zygote

Once the ovum has been fertilized, it is called a

Adolescence

is a developmental period, lasting from about ages twelve (12) to eighteen (18), during which many biological, cognitive, social, emotional and personality traits change from childlike to adult-like. It is the period between childhood and adulthood, which is why it is also called a transition period.

Testosterone

is the dominant male hormones

Estrogen

is the dominant female hormones.

BEHAVIORAL THEORY

believes that individuals learn by observing how people react to their behavior. Behavior is reinforced by some factors. This is also called learning theory.

PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY

It posits the delinquency is the result of the imbalance of the three components of personality: id, ego and superego an delinquency is the product of the abnormal personality structure form involving early life and which thereafter controls human behavior choice.

ID (pleasure principle)

primitive part of an individual's mental makeup present Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice birth. It represents unconscious biological sustain drives for sex, food and others.

Ego (Reality Principle)

it takes into account what is practical and conventional by societal standards.

Super Ego

develops as a result of incorporating within the personality the moral standards and values of parents, communities and significant others. It is the moral aspect of an individual's personality; it passes judgments on behavior.

Theory

is a set of statements devised to explain behavior, events or phenomenon, especially one that has been repeatedly tested and widely accepted.

Biogenic approach

attributes delinquent behavior to physical defects and biological causes within the individual himself.

Psychogenic approach

focuses on the mental emotional factors.

Sociogenic approach

act the way he does approach cites the various social influences

Choice theory

based on the classical school of criminology that views an individual as having free will choosing his actions and that he calculates in what he will gain or lose if he commits an act.

Choice theory

It views the delinquent as a motivated offender who breaks the law because he or she perceives an abundance of benefits and an absence of threat

Vandalism

is an act that is usually committed by minors because of the thrill of doing it and being able to get away from it

Biosocial or trait theories

point to biological causes as the determinants of delinquent behavior. It is contemporary equivalent of the biogenic approach and of the biological determinism under the positivist theories of criminology.

BIOCHEMICAL THEORY

views that crime and delinquency,especially violence, are the result of diet, vitamin intake, hormonal imbalance and other biological causes.

NEUROLOGICAL THEORY

explains that crime and delinquency occur because the individual suffers from, brain impairment or abnormality in the structure of the brain.

Neurology

refers to the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system and its disorders.

Central nervous system

made up of neurons located in the brain and spinal cord.

Theory

a set of statements or explanations that help us understand why people behave the way they do.

Biogenic Approach

Cause of delinquency comes from biological or physical factors inside the child

Psychogenic Approach

Cause of delinquency comes from psychological, emotional, or mental issues.

Sociogenic Approach

Cause of delinquency comes from social environment.

Criminology

is a dynamic field, meaning new theories and explanations continue to develop as society changes.

CHOICE THEORY (Classical Theory)

Children commit delinquency because they choose to, after weighing the possible benefits vs. risks.

BIOSOCIAL OR TRAIT THEORIES

BIOCHEMICAL THEORY

Behavior is influenced by body chemistry, including hormones, diet, vitamins, chemical imbalances

NEUROLOGICAL THEORY

Delinquency occurs when a child has brain impairment or abnormalities.

ID

· Present at birth

· Primitive, instinctive

· Seeks pleasure (sex, food, desires)

· No concern for rules

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

These theories say delinquency results from emotional or mental disturbances.

EGO

· Logical, practical

· Balances the id

· Guided by reality

· Finds acceptable ways to satisfy desires

SUPER EGO

· The moral conscience

· Represents values taught by parents & society

· Judges actions as right or wrong

Strong ID

impulsive, aggressive, pleasure-seeking

Weak SUPEREGO

no guilt, no moral restraint

Weak EGO

cannot control impulses

COGNITIVE THEORY

Delinquency comes from faulty thinking patterns.

Psychological Theories

personality, learning, thinking