HA&P: Chapter 4

These are groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function?

Tissues

What are the roles of each primary tissue?

Epithelial Tissue - covers

Connective Tissue - supports

Muscle Tissue - moves

Nervous Tissue - controls

Is the study of tissues?

Histology

When a specimen can be viewed through a microscope, it must be a. _________ and then cut into b.________ thin enough to transmit light or electrons

Fixed, Sections

The specimen must be ______ to enhance contrast between structures

Stained

What microscope is where the tissue sections are stained with heavy metal salts?

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

What kind of microscope is where it provides three-dimensional pictures of an unsectioned tissue surface?

Scanning electron microscopy

These are a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

Epithelial tissue/ Epithelium

What are the two forms that occur in a epithelium tissue?

1. Covering and lining epithelium: forms the outer layer of the skin

2. Glandular epithelium: fashions the glands of the body

What are the six functions of the epithelium?

1. Protection

2. Absorption

3. Filtration

4. Excretion

5. Secretion

6. Sensory reception

With an epithelium tissue, what surface is not attached to the surrounding tissue and is exposed to either the outside of the body or the cavity of an internal organ?

Apical surface

With an epithelium tissue, what is attached to the underlying connective tissue?

Basal surface

What do some apical surfaces have that are the fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane and it increases the exposed surface area?

Microvilli

What do the epithelial have that it lines the trachea that propel substances along their free surface?

Cilia

What is adjacent to the basal surface of an epithelium that is a thin supporting sheet and consists of glycoproteins secreted by the epithelial cells and it acts as a selective filter that determines which molecules diffuse from the underlying connective tissue are allowed to enter the epithelium?

Basal lamina

With the characteristic of specialized contacts, what kind of epithelia does not fit closely together to form continuous sheets?

Glandular epithelia

What is in between the epithelial and connective tissues that reinforces the epithelial sheet, helps it resist stretching and tearing, and defines the epithelial boundary?

Basement membrane

What are the two layers that the basement membrane consists of?

Basal lamina and Reticular lamina

The reticular lamina is ______ to the basal lamina?

Deep

What term within the epithelium is that a. it does not contain no blood vessels and b. is supplied by nerve fibers?

a. Avascular

b. Innervated

What is the characteristic which for the epithelium tissue are exposed to friction and their surface cells rub off?

Regeneration

What kind of epithelia consist of a single cell layer and it is typically found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur and a thin epithelial barrier is desirable?

Simple epithelia

What kind of epithelia, is composed of two or more cell layers stacked on top of each other, are common in high-abrasion areas where protection is important in the skin surface and the lining of the mouth?

Stratified epithelia

What kind of cells are flattened and scale-like?

Squamous cells

What kind of cells are boxlike, approximately as tall as they are wide?

Cuboidal cells

What kind of cells are tall and column shaped?

Columnar cells

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

This provides a slick, friction-reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and in all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system?

Endothelium

This is the epithelium found in the serous membranes which lines the ventral body cavity and covers its organs?

Mesothelium

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Transitional Epithelium

What kind of epithelia contains two or more cells and they regenerate from below and they are more durable than simple epithelia?

Stratified Epithelia

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

What consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product which the product is called a secretion, which is an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins?

Gland

Glands may be a._________ (“internally secreting”) ; or b.________ (“externally secreting”)

a. Endocrine

b. Exocrine

Glands may be a.__________ (“one-celled”) or b.________ (“many-celled”)

a. Unicellular

b. Multicellular

What kind of glands lose their ducts during development and are often called ductless glands?

Endocrine Glands

What do the endocrine glands produce, that are chemical messengers that they secrete by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space and from there it enters the blood or lymphatic fluid and travel to specific target organs?

Hormones

What kind of glands secrete their products onto body surfaces or into body cavities, are diverse, and include the liver, the pancreas, and more?

Exocrine glands

What kind of glands are mucous cells and goblet cells and are sprinkled in the epithelial linings of the intestinal and respiratory tracts amid columnar cells?

Unicellular glands

What do unicellular exocrine glands produce that are a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted, and once dissolved, it forms to mucus?

Mucin

What cells is where the accumulating mucin distends the top of the cell, making the cells look like a glass with a stem and because of this, it cannot occur in mucous cells?

Goblet cells

What kind of exocrine glands are structurally more complex and have two basic parts which are the epithelium derived duct and a secretory unit that consist of secretory cells?

Multicellular exocrine glands

On the structural classification, a._______ glands have an unbranched duct, whereas b.________ glands have a branched duct

a. Simple glands

b. Compound glands

The glands can be categorized by their secretory units as:

a. _______ if the secretory cells form tubes

b. ______ if the secretory cells form small, flasklike sacs

c. ________ if they both have types of secretory units

a. Tubular

b. Alveolar

c. Tubuloalveolar

What is another term that is interchangeably with alveolar?

Acinar

What glands secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced?

Merocrine glands

What glands accumulate their products within them until they rupture?

Holocrine glands