LUKO PT 2 1/22/25

Authoritarian Parenting Style

Very strict and controlling, with high demand for obedience and little room for independence or discussion.

Permissive Parenting Style

Warm, accepting, and lenient, avoids confrontation, and gives into child's demands.

Authoritative Parenting Style

Balances authority with warmth, demands high standards but is responsive to child's needs.

Neglectful / Uninvolved Parenting Style

Low demand and low responsiveness, characterized by indifference or preoccupation with other concerns.

Result for Child of Authoritarian Parenting

Timid, low self-esteem, high anxiety, poor social skills, and low independence.

Result for Child of Permissive Parenting

Likely to have issues with entitlement, may excel academically but struggle socially.

Result for Child of Authoritative Parenting

Well-adjusted, comfortable, socially skilled, and able to self-regulate.

Result for Child of Neglectful / Uninvolved Parenting

Emotional and social difficulties, lack of basic trust, and higher risk of substance abuse.

Kohlberg's 3 Stages of Moral Development

Stages that every person goes through according to Lawrence Kohlberg.

Preconventional Stage

Children avoid bad behavior to prevent trouble, focused on consequences rather than the value of rules.

Conventional Stage

Children become aware of others' intentions and are obsessed with rules and fairness.

Age 0-9

Age range for the Preconventional stage of moral development.

Age 9-14

Age range for the Conventional stage of moral development.

Example of Preconventional Stage

A 3-year-old avoids coloring on walls because they remember being scolded for it.

Characteristics of Authoritarian Parents

High demand for obedience and a strong focus on punishment for disobedience.

Characteristics of Permissive Parents

Encourages independence while maintaining guidance, but often gives into demands.

Characteristics of Authoritative Parents

Highly demanding but responsive, balances authority with warmth.

Characteristics of Neglectful Parents

Indifferent or preoccupied with other concerns, providing little emotional or material support.

Impact of Authoritarian Parenting on Academic Performance

Children may excel academically but struggle socially.

Impact of Permissive Parenting on Child Behavior

Children may have lower levels of problem behavior but struggle with entitlement.

Postconventional Morality

The final stage of morality that requires abstract thinking, where individuals question the value of rules and may bend or break those they find unnecessary.

Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

A theory that outlines eight stages in which individuals face an internal crisis that defines their cognitive and social development.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The conflict faced in the first stage of psychosocial development, where the essential question is whether one can trust the world to meet their needs.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The conflict in the second stage, where the essential question is whether one can do things independently or always needs help from others.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The conflict in the third stage, where the essential question is whether one can take initiative and make decisions without feeling guilty.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The conflict in the fourth stage, where the essential question is whether one can achieve skills valued by others and master tasks.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The conflict in adolescence, where the essential question is about one's identity and fitting into the world.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The conflict in young adulthood, where the essential question is whether one can form meaningful relationships while maintaining their sense of self.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The conflict in middle adulthood, where the essential question is how one can contribute to the world and leave a lasting impact.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

The conflict faced in late adulthood, where the essential question is whether one can face the end of life with acceptance and peace.

Hope

The essential value gained from the conflict of Trust vs. Mistrust.

Purpose

The essential value gained from the conflict of Initiative vs. Guilt.

Competency

The essential value gained from the conflict of Industry vs. Inferiority.

Fidelity

The essential value gained from the conflict of Identity vs. Role Confusion.

Love

The essential value gained from the conflict of Intimacy vs. Isolation.

Care

The essential value gained from the conflict of Generativity vs. Stagnation.

Wisdom

The essential value gained from the conflict of Ego Integrity vs. Despair.

Gandhi

An example of postconventional morality, known for protesting British abuses in India.