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Test 1 Study guide
Bible
A whole library and collection of different literary genres
Testament/covenant
originally refer to a formal agreement between 2 parties.
Testament is lter used to refer to the written convenants between God and the Jewish/Christian people as contained in the OT and NT
Scriptures
Writings. Always refers to religious writings that are considered authorative, foundational, and/or sacred by some religious group
Jewish scriptures
Refer to the Hebrew Bible
Christian Scriptures
Referes to OT and NT
Greek Scriptures
refer either to the LXX (greek speaking jews) or to the LXX and the NT
Who had originals?
No one. What we have are hand written manuscrpts that are copies of copies of copies
manuscript
ancient texts written by hand, often copies of copies, with significant differences
What 2 materials are manuscripts written on?
Papyrus - A plant that isnt durable
Parchment - animal skin that is durable
What 2 forms did Manuscripts take
scrolls - long sheet written on one side of them, rolled up (made of papyrus)
Codex - seperate sheets of leaves of papyrus bounded together (like a book)
Ancient versions
translations into other ancient languages, such as latin, coptic, syriac, ect.
Modern translation
translation into english, spanish, german, ect.
majuscule
Early manuscript written in ALLCAPITALSNOSPACES
Minuscule
Later manuscripts written with small letters, with punctuation and spaces.
TANaK
The first division of the bible. refers to Torah (law) + Nebi’im (Prophets) + Kethubim (Wisdom)
Canon
An official lists of books that a particular religious group considers as its ‘core scriptures’
Canonization/canonized
refers to the process by which a book was accepted into the bible by a particular religious group
Biblical/scriptural/canonical
adjectives referring to any book contained in the bible
NonBiblical/Nonscriptural/Noncanonical
Ancient writings that are not part of the bible, including the jewish OT and many early Christian writings
4 Criteria to be cannon
Apostolic origin
Universal acceptance
liturgical use
consistent message
Apostolic origin
attributed to and or based on the preaching/teaching of the 1st gen apostles
universal acceptane
acknowledged by all major christian communities in the Mediterranean world
Liturgical use
read publically along withthe OT when early Christians gathered for the lords supper
Consistent message
containing theological ideas compatible with other accepted christian writings
OT
old testiment. The traditions in these boos emerges from and reflect the experience, faith life, and ways of thinking of the people in ancient Israel
How Jewish divid the Tanak
Torah
Neb’im
Kethubim
How Christian divid the OT
Pentateuch (Five books)
Historical books
Prophets
Wisdom writing
Catholic OT book #
46 books. The extra seven are called the second canon and were written in Greek
Protestant OT book #
39 books called the apocryha. Only the books written in Hebrew are counted
NT
New testiment. A collection of 27 early christian writings composed by various authors from the middle 1-2nd century. All books written in Greek.
NT Genres
4 gospels
21 epistles or letters
1 chronicle or act of apostle
1 apocalypse or revelation
Gospels
early Christian narratives about the words and actions, life and death of Jesus.Originally it referred to oral proclamations.
The NT has 3 Synpotic gospel (Matthew, Mark, Luke) and 1 fourth gospel (John)
Gospel writters are reffered to as evangelist
Q-Document
a hypothetical collection of sayings and teaching of Jesus used by Matthew and Luke, now is lost
A chronicle (Acts of the apostles)
A chronicle or partial account of the historical spread of the Christian movement, focuses on only a few people. Written by the same person who wrote Luke.
Epistles or letters
written by some of the early apostles
13 letters are from Paul. 7 authentic (undisputed) and 6 deutero (disputed)
7 catholic epistles
An apocalypse (Book of revelation)
contained 7 short letters adress to the “churches of Asia” and a long series of highly sym bolic “visions” Written by John and culminates he destruction og all evil and the establishment of a “new heaven and earth”
Arranging the NT
They are not chronological. Instead they begin with the life of Jesus, then move towards the groeth of the Christian church, then finally focus on the eschaton (end of time)
The 4 gospels - Acts of apostles - letters by paul - letter to the hebrews - epistles - book of revelation
The Evangelist
Selectors
Arrangers
Shapers
Proclaimers
Selectors
from among the many things jesus said and did, they choose the stories to include or admit
arrangers
they organize the materials in a particular sequence
shapers
they adapt and edit the individual stories from their sources so as to emphasize the themes they wanted to stress
Proclaimers
They were not objective historians, but preached the good news about jesus in appropiate ways
Historical Jesus
words are spoken and deeds are preformed by jesus himself during his lifetime on earth
Oral tradition
traditions and beliets about jesus are developed and passed on by his earliest followers/believers
Written sources
Some of the mighty deeds and or sayings of jesus are compiled and recorded in early written documents
written texts
individual letters, full gospels are written with particular messages for particular situations
distribution
some writings are copies and shares with other christian communities throughout the mediterranean
collection
certain christians begin collecting letters of Paul and gathering together several different gospels.
Canonization
4 gospels, several collections of letters, and a few other texts are accepted as authoritative scriptures
translation
biblical texts are translated into other ancient and modern languages
Interpretation
the meaning of the scripture is investigated on various levels: literal, spiritual, historical, social, ect.
Application
Communities and individuals use the NT for practical purposes: Liturgical, moral, sacramental
