Cardiovascular

Pages 137-150 in Course Packet / 7-10 questions on Exam II

Focused cardiovascular assessment begins with:

Introducing yourself

Use ______ precautions and appropriate ___________

standard ; handwashing

Assess only ____ area at a time for patient comfort and modesty

one

Environment should be _____ to allow for _______

quiet ; accurate

Vital signs will provide pertinent information about patient’s _________ and _________ status

oxygenation ; perfusion

Muscular pump

Heart

Provide pulmonary and systemic circulation

Blood vessels

The heart is a:

muscle

The heart is about the size of a:

closed hand

Heart sits in the __________ of the chest on a slight angle

center-left

Top portion of the heart is called the _____

base

Bottom portion of the heart is called the _____

apex

Base is between the ____________ ribs

second and third

Apex rest between the __________ rib

fourth and fifth

Area with the strongest force of blood flow is:

point of maximum impulse

PMI stands for:

point of maximum impulse

PMI lies at the:

apex

Heart muscle is divided into _____ chambers

four

Heart muscle is divided into four ________

chambers

Top two chambers are the ________

atria

Bottom two chambers are the ________

ventricles

Atria are _________ chambers

collecting

Atria receive blood from:

vena cava and pulmonary veins

Ventricles are ________ chambers

pumping

Ventricles send blood to the:

lungs and rest of the body

Largest veins in the body are the:

superior and inferior vena cava

The ____________ are responsible for retuning blood from the body to the right side of the heart

superior and inferior vena cava

The ___________ transports unoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs

pulmonary artery

The ________ artery is the only artery which carries unoxygenated blood

pulmonary

In the lungs, _______ and _________

oxygen ; carbon dioxide

Oxygenated blood return to the left side of the heart through the ____________________

pulmonary vein

The __________ vein is the only vein which carries oxygenated blood

pulmonary

The largest artery in the body is the:

aorta

The aorta emerges from the:

left ventricle

Valves in each chamber open/close close to:

control blood flow

Two kinds of valves:

atrioventricular and semilunar

AV (valve) stands for:

atrioventricular

SL (valve) stands for:

semilunar

Valves can only open in _____ direction(s)

one

The two AV valves separate the ______ in the ventricles

atria

The _______ valse is between the right atria and ventricle

tricuspid

The _______ valve is between the left atria and ventricle

bicuspid

The bicuspid valve is also called the ______ valve

mitral

AV valves open when heart is ______ during diastole

filling

AV valves close the heart is _______ during systole

pumping

Semi-lunar valves positioned between _______ and ________

ventricles ; arteries

The ________ valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

pulmonic

The ______ valve is between the left ventricle and aorta

aortic

SL valves open when heart __________ to allow blood to be ejected from heart

contracts during systole

The great network of vessels that provides oxygen and removes waste products from tissue of the body

vascular system

Smaller branches are arteries

arterioles

Arteries (and arterioles) are _____ vessels

strong/tough

Arteries have ______ fibers that allow for expansion + contraction in response to pressure changes

elastic

Artery system is a _____ pressure system

high

Start larger and get smaller

arteries

Smaller branches of veins

venules

Veins (and venules) are not as ______ as arteries

strong/tough

Veins can _______ and hold more blood to decrease workload on heart

relax

Venous system is a _____ pressure system

low

Flow toward heart maintained by:

valves and contraction of skeletal muscles

Start small and get larger

veins

The ________ are the smallest of the vessels

capillaries

______ connect the arterial and venous systems

capillaries

Capillaries are the diameter of a:

single red blood cell

Rhythmic movement of blood through the heart is called the:

cardiac cycle

The cardiac cycle has ____ phases

two

The phases of the cardiac cycle are:

diastole and systole

Ventricles are relaxed and AV nodes are open

diastole

Ventricular filling

diastole

AV valves close, SL valves open

systole

Ventricular pumping

systole

Heart contracts and pumps blood into pulmonary artery and aorta

systole

Sound of AV valves closing at beginning of systole

first heart sound

S1

first heart sound

“Lub”

first heart sound

Sound of SL valves closing at the end of systole

second heart sound

S2

second heart sound

“Dub”

second heart sound

Heart contracts in response to _________ in conduction system

electrical current

Cardiac impulse originates in:

SA node

From SA node, impulse spreads to:

atria and AV node

Impulse delayed in the:

AV node

From AV node, impulse travels to:

Bundle of His

From Bundle of His, impulse travels to:

right and left bundle branches

From right and left bundle branches, impulse travels to:

ventricles

Cardiac Output equation

CO = SV x BPM

Venous return that builds during diastole:

preload

Opposing pressure that the ventricle must generate to open aortic valve against higher aortic pressure:

afterload

Patient should be positioned with head of bed or exam table at a ________ angle

35-45°

Nurse should stand at patient’s _____ side during exam

right

Why should nurse stand to right side of patient during examination?

downward angle of heart

Chest is expected to rise and fall _________ with inhalation and exhalation

symmetrically

Inspect neck for tone, symmetry, veins, and pulsations

jugular veins

Full, bulging, and bounding jugulars on one or both sides of neck can indicate:

right-sided heart failure

Jugular veins return blood to the:

superior vena cava and right atrium

The _________ is generated from blood being pushed into the aorta

carotid pulse

Carotid pulse has a much _________ force than venous blood flow through jugular veins, so pulsation is an expected finding

stronger

Absence of pulsation in carotid artery represents a(n) ______ in force of blood flow

decrease

The ______ pulses in the groove between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and throat

carotid

Palpate each carotid artery ________ to prevent obstruction of blood flow to patient’s brain

individually