Functional Human Anatomy - Exam 2 - Rutgers University

Which rami make up the cervical plexus?

Rami from C1, C2, C3, C4

Which rami make up the brachial plexus?

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

Which rami make up the lumbar plexus?

L1, L2, L3, and L4

Which rami make up the sacral plexus?

L4 to S4

What are the 6 divisions of the brachial plexus?

3 anterior and 3 posterior

What is the function of the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

Control muscles that flex and stabilize the shoulder, elbow, and hand.

What is the function of the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus?

Control muscles that extend the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers.

Which plexus is the lesser occipital nerve from?

Cervical Plexus

Which plexus is the greater auricular nerve from?

Cervical

Which plexus is the Transverse Cervical nerve from?

Cervical

Which plexus is the Ansa Cervicalis nerve from?

Cervical

Which plexus is the Phrenic nerve from?

Cervical

Which plexus is the nerve to the rhomboids and serratus nerve from?

Cervical

Which plexus is the accessory nerve from?

Cervical

Which plexus is the hypoglossal nerve from?

Cervical

What are the 5 parts to the Brachial plexus?

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, Nerves

How many trunks of the brachial plexus are there?

3 (superior, middle, inferior)

How many cords are in the brachial plexus?

3 (lateral, posterior, medial)

Which plexus is the axillary nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the radial nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the Musculocutaneous nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the median nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the ulnar nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the nerve to subclavius from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the dorsal scapular nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the long thoracic nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the suprascapular nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the pectoral nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the sub scapular nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the thoracodorsal nerve from?

Brachial

Which plexus is the illiohypogastric nerve from?

Lumbar

Which plexus is the illio-inguinal nerve from?

Lumbar

Which plexus is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve from?

Lumbar

Which plexus is the genitofemoral nerve from?

Lumbar

Which plexus is the femoral nerve from?

Lumbar

Which plexus is the Obturator nerve from?

Lumbar

Which plexus is the superior gluteal nerve from?

Sacral

Which plexus is the inferior gluteal nerve from?

Sacral

Which plexus is the sciatic nerve from?

Sacral

Which plexus is the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve from?

Sacral

Which plexus is the pudendal nerve from?

Sacral

What is the sciatic nerve notable for?

Biggest nerve in the body

What is the reflex arc?

Involuntary response to an external stimulus.

What is the order to the reflex arc?

Sensory receptor - Sensory neuron - Integrating center (spinal cord) - Motor neuron - Effector

How many lobes of the brain are there?

4 (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)

What are the four lobes of the brain?

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Balance and coordination

What are the areas of the brain?

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Brainstem

What is the corpus callosum?

a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain.

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

connects the two hemispheres of the brain

What is a sulci (sulcus)?

grooves in the brain

What is a gyri (gyrus)?

ridges of the brain

What is the limbic system?

emotional brain

What are the parts of the limbic system?

hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

I - (Olfactory) 1

II - (Optic) 2

III - (Oculomotor) 3

IV - (Trochlear) 4

V - (Trigeminal) 5

VI - (Abducans) 6

VII - (Facial) 7

VIII - (Auditory or Vestibulocochlear) 8

IX - (Glossopharengeal) 9

X - (Vagus) 10

XI - (Spinal Accessory) 11

XII - ( Hypoglossal) 12

Olfactory nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

1, Sensory

Optic nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

2, sensory

Oculomotor nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

3, motor

Trochlear nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

4, motor

Trigeminal nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

5, both

Abducens nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

6, motor

Facial nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

7, both

vestibulocochlear nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

8, sensory

Glossopharyngeal nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

9, both

Vagus nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

10, both

Accessory nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

11, motor

Hypoglossal nerve (Number, S/M/B?)

12, motor

What are the 6 ocular muscles?

Inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, superior rectus, inferior oblique, lateral rectus

Inferior rectus function

depresses eye and turns it medially

Medial rectus function

moves eye medially

Superior oblique function

depresses eye and turns it laterally

Superior rectus function

elevates eye and turns it medially

inferior oblique function

elevates eye and turns it laterally

Lateral rectus function

moves eye laterally

oculomotor nerve function

eye movements, opening of eyelid, pupillary constriction, focusing

Function of the ANS

maintain homeostasis

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

sympathetic and parasympathetic

What is the function of the SNS?

Decreases secretion and motility

"Fight or Flight"

What is the function of the PNS?

Rest and digest system

Where do SNS nerves come from?

thoracolumbar

Where do PNS nerves come from?

craniosacral

Adrenal medulla function

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Epinephrine function

promotes fight or flight response

Norepinephrine function

helps control alertness and arousal

Dual innervation

most viscera receive nerve fibers from both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

SA node function

initiates depolarization impulses; sets the pace for the entire heart

AV node function

Acts as a gatekeeper and briefly delays impulses from the SA node, to allow the atria to contract completely and empty the blood into the ventricles.

Systole function

Contraction of the heart

Diastole function

Relaxation of the heart

What are the layers of the heart?

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Epicardium function

Forms a protective outer covering; secretes serous fluid

Myocardium function

contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers

Endocardium function

forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves

Pericardial cavity

surrounds the heart

Pericardial cavity function

contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the beating heart and the outer wall of the pericardial sac

What is the composition of blood?

55% plasma, 45% formed elements

What are the proteins in plasma

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

Albumin function

maintain osmotic pressure

Globulin function

defense (antibodies) and lipid transport

Fibrinogen function

blood clotting