NURS 321: Lecture 4 - Person-Centered Therapy and Cultural Intentionality

Who is considered the father of psychotherapy research?

Carl Rogers

What is the primary focus of Person-Centered Therapy (PCT)?

Strengths and resources of the individual.

What is the significance of the client-therapist relationship in PCT?

It is the foundation for change.

What is humanism?

The belief that people are inherently good.

What is the goal of humanism?

Become the best version of yourself.

What is the process of humanism?

Self-realization through a hierarchy of needs.

What is the focus of humanism?

Striving for goodness.

What is existentialism?

The belief that people are neither good nor bad.

What is the goal of existentialism?

Finding meaning in life.

What is the process of existentialism?

Examine experiences to find what's valuable.

What is the focus of existentialism?

Free will, choice, and self-determination.

What is self-actualization?

Striving to realize your own potential.

What is self-transcendence?

Seeking meaning and purpose beyond yourself.

What are the key assumptions of Person-Centered Therapy?

- People are trustworthy

- Individuals have the potential to solve their own problems

- Clients are capable of self-directed growth

- The therapist-client relationship is more important than the therapist's knowledge.

What are the three core therapist attributes in PCT?

Congruence, unconditional positive regard, and accurate empathetic understanding.

What is congruence?

Genuineness or realness.

What do self-actualized individuals have?

An openness to experience, a trust in themselves, an internal source of evaluation, and a willingness to continue growing.

What is the goal of therapy in Person-Centered Therapy?

To promote self-awareness and self-directed changes in attitudes and behaviors.

What therapeutic techniques are emphasized in PCT?

Client's self-assessment, presence, and immediacy.

What does presence refer to in PCT?

Listening, accepting, respecting, understanding, and responding honestly.

What does immediacy refer to in PCT?

Addressing what is happening between the client and therapist.

What is the end goal of the client experience in PCT?

Self-acceptance.

Who founded Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy?

Natalie Rogers.

What is the focus of person-centred expressive arts therapy?

For clients to gain insight through movement, art, writing, and music as a way to express feelings.

What is the main focus of Emotion-Focused Therapy?

Understanding how emotions affect human function and change.

What does Positive Psychology aim to achieve?

To help individuals thrive rather than just survive.

Who founded positive psychology?

Martin Seligman.

What are some strengths of PCT?

- Emphasis on listening and understanding clients

- Studied from various cultures

- Assumes that the client is the major change agent

What are some limitations of PCT?

Lack of structure and a difference of expectation with different cultures.

What are the key points to PCT?

- Set clear boundaries

- The client knows best

- Be a sounding board

- Concentrate on the client

- Be genuine

What is the cultural competence continuum?

A developmental process that includes cultural awareness, cultural safety, and promotes multicultural competence.

What are the 6 stages of the cultural competence continuum?

Cultural destructiveness, incapacity, blindness, pre-competence, competence, and proficiency.

What is cultural intentionality?

Awareness of cultural differences between a counsellor and their client, acting flexibly with purpose and respect for diversity.

What are the 3 key components to becoming a competent multicultural nurse counsellor?

Exploring beliefs and attitudes, gaining knowledge, and developing skills and intervention strategies.

Why is self-awareness important in multicultural counselling?

It helps counsellors recognize personal biases and ensures they do not affect the therapeutic relationship.

How should counsellors approach clients from diverse cultural backgrounds?

By facilitating therapeutic conversations, respecting cultural beliefs, and being flexible in their practice.

What does it mean to practice cultural humility?

Acknowledging one's own limitations in understanding other cultures and being open to learning from clients.

What is the significance of understanding oppression and discrimination in multicultural counselling?

It helps counsellors understand barriers faced by minorities and how these factors affect their clients' experiences.

What are some characteristics of effective counsellors working with Indigenous clients?

They recognize diversity among Indigenous groups, are bicultural, build trust, and use a holistic approach.

What is Indigenous Focusing Oriented Therapy (IFOT)?

A therapeutic approach that combines Indigenous ways of knowing with focusing-oriented therapy to focus on trauma repair.

What role does listening play in communicating with Indigenous clients?

Listening is crucial, as Indigenous clients may take time to respond; comfort with silence is important.

What is the first step in becoming a competent multicultural nurse counsellor?

Exploring personal beliefs and attitudes to ensure they do not negatively impact the therapeutic relationship.

What should counsellors do to develop skills and intervention strategies?

Educate clients about goal setting, practice cultural intentionality, and engage in cultural activities outside of work.

How can counsellors facilitate therapeutic conversations with clients from diverse backgrounds?

By integrating cultural intentionality and being aware of cultural differences during interactions.

What does cultural safety promote in nursing practice?

An environment where clients feel safe and respected in their cultural identity.

What does it mean to be bicultural in the context of counselling Indigenous clients?

Having either Indigenous ancestry or a deep understanding of Indigenous culture and world views.

What is the role of cultural activities in becoming a competent multicultural nurse counsellor?

They provide opportunities to learn about and engage with different cultures outside of a professional setting.

What are the six steps of IFOT?

Clearing space, felt sense, handle, resonating, asking, and receiving.

What happens during the "clearing space" stage of IFOT?

The client looks inwards and examines their current problems.

What happens during the "felt sense" stage of IFOT?

The client chooses the problem that is causing the most trouble and senses how it feels in their body.

What happens during the "handle" stage of IFOT?

The counsellor asks the client to give their felt sense a name, phrase, and image.

What happens during the "resonating" stage of IFOT?

There is a shift back and forth between felt sense and handle.

What happens during the "asking" stage of IFOT?

The client asks themselves what about the problem makes the quality of their experience.

What happens during the "receiving" stage of IFOT?

The client draws awareness to a shift or release they may experience.

What is a key principle of IFOT regarding the land?

The earth helps us to heal and can hold trauma.

How does the therapeutic process in IFOT incorporate the land?

The client and counselor sit beside each other facing the land, potentially using land medicines.

What does the concept of 'All My Relations' signify in IFOT?

IFOT addresses collective trauma and recognizes that trauma is interconnected.

What does psyche mean in Ancient Greek?

Spirit or soul.

What does therapeia mean in Ancient Greek?

Healing.

What is a significant critique of traditional psychotherapy for Indigenous communities?

It often employs colonizing methods that can exacerbate problems.

What does Dr. Eduardo Duran suggest about Western diagnoses?

They label individuals in a way that can harm their identity, akin to a 'naming ceremony.'

How does Duran propose to redefine diagnoses?

By focusing on the spirit associated with issues rather than labeling individuals.

What is the significance of dreams in Duran's approach to psychotherapy?

Dreams are considered the 'original medicine' and a means of communication from the Creator.

Why is humor important in therapy according to Duran?

It opens the spirit door, allowing healing to occur.

What is the relationship between the healer and self-healing?

The healer is often wounded themselves and must work on self-awareness and healing.

What does Duran mean by 'spirits don't die'?

Spirits persist even after death, and the energy must be traced back to its origin.

What does IFOT emphasize about trauma?

Trauma happens outside the person and has broad implications, affecting communities collectively.

What is the significance of the phrase 'shapeshift it into something else' in Duran's philosophy?

It emphasizes engaging with issues rather than trying to eliminate them.