Micro Quick Review: Cells, Pathogens & Structures
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54 Terms
What is a pathogen?
A disease-causing microorganism
What is an infection?
Presence and multiplication of microbes in the body
What is disease?
Damage or disruption of normal body function
What is pathogenicity?
Ability to cause disease
What is virulence?
Degree/severity of disease
What is taxonomy?
Naming and classifying organisms
What is phylogeny?
Evolutionary relationships between organisms
What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Which domain contains peptidoglycan?
Bacteria
Which domain lives in extreme environments?
Archaea
Which domain includes animals, plants, and fungi?
Eukarya
What is the correct format for scientific names?
Genus species
How are genus and species written?
Genus capitalized, species lowercase, italicized
What is genus?
Group of related species
What is species (in bacteria)?
A population of cells with similar characteristics and genetic similarity
What does "sp." mean?
One unknown species; Often used to refer to an unkown species of a known genus, e.g., Mycobacterium sp.
What does "spp." mean?
Multiple species; refers to species in the plural. Often used to refer to all members of a genus, e.g., Mycobacterium spp.
Which cell type has a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
Which cell type lacks a nucleus?
Prokaryotic
What type of DNA do prokaryotes have?
Circular DNA; A single loop of DNA with no histone proteins (Bacteria)
What type of DNA do eukaryotes have?
Linear chromosomes; Multiple chromosomes with DNA and histone
Which cells have membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
What ribosomes do prokaryotes have?
70S
What ribosomes do eukaryotes have?
80S
Which cells contain peptidoglycan?
Prokaryotic (bacteria)
Do eukaryotes have peptidoglycan?
No
Which cells are smaller?
Prokaryotic 0.2-2.0 μ m
Which cells are larger?
Eukaryotic 10-100 μ m
How do prokaryotes divide?
Binary fission
How do eukaryotes divide?
Mitosis
Do prokaryotes have a nuclear membrane?
No
Do eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane?
Yes
How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have?
Usually one
How many chromosomes do eukaryotes have?
Multiple
Which cells have simpler flagella?
Prokaryotic
Which cells have more complex flagella/cilia?
Eukaryotic
What is the glycocalyx?
Outer coating surrounding a cell
What is a capsule?
Organized, firmly attached glycocalyx
What is a slime layer?
Loose, unorganized glycocalyx
Which structure increases virulence?
Capsule
Which structure is mainly for attachment?
Slime layer
What does glycocalyx protect against?
Phagocytosis
What is one major function of glycocalyx?
Attachment to surfaces and protection from drying
What does glycocalyx help form?
Biofilms
What is a biofilm?
Community of microbes attached to a surface
Why are biofilms important?
More resistant to antibiotics and immune responses
What is the function of flagella?
Movement
What is the function of fimbriae?
Attachment
What is the function of pili?
DNA transfer
Which structure helps bacteria evade immune defense?
Capsule
Which structure helps bacteria stick to surfaces?
Fimbriae (primarily), also slime layer
Which feature is ONLY found in bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
Which cell type does NOT have organelles?
Prokaryotic
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