AP Human Geo Unit 1- Thinking Geographically (def)

definitions

Reference maps

maps that are informational and show boundaries and place names

political maps

show and label human created boundaries and names

physical maps

show and label natural features

thematic maps

tell a story by showing the density and distribution of quantitative data

choropleth maps

these maps use various colors and shades or patterns to show the location and distribution of some kind of data

dot maps

shows the general location and distribution across the territory reflected on the map

graduated symbol maps

these maps use a symbol of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something

isoline maps

these maps use lines to connect areas of equal value, where lines are together change is more rapid than were lines are further apart

topographic maps (isoline)

uses lines to show changes in elevation, shows manmade and natural features on the ground, including elevation

cartogram maps

in these maps, the size of places is distorted to reflect and compare specific data

place

means a unique location or specific place on earth with a quality that distinguishes it from any other

absolute location

refers to the precise spot of where something is located. This location doesn't change regardless of where you are located

relative location

describes where one place is in relation to another

lines of latitude

tell you how north or south you are from the equator (vertical)

lines of longitude

tell you how east or west you are from the prime meridian (horizontal)

absolute distance

measures how far or close two points are from another (quantitative)

relative distance

indicates the nearness based on time or money (qualitative)

density

is the frequency with which something occurs in an area

concentration

refers to the extent of a features spread over an area, where something is located the most

formal region

an area which there is a predominant or universal distinctive characteristic or feature

functional regions

also known a nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point.

perceptual regions

also known as vernacular, is an area that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. boundaries of the region might be different depending on the person who is being asked to define the region.

map scale

the ratio of the distance between two objects on a map and the distance of the same two objects where they actually exist on the earth’s surface

small scale

Maps with less amounts of detail

large scale

maps with more amounts of detail

scale

reflects how much of the earth’s surface is reflected on a map

local, national, regional, and global

scale categories

scale of analysis

refers to the scale at which the phenomena on a map is being analyzed

scale of inquiry

refers to finding out which scale or scale of analysis is being presented in a map or which is the best scale or scale of analysis to use when analyzing data

distance decay

the further one place is from another, the less interactions these places with have with each other

time space compression

refers to the reduction of time it now takes for something to get from one place to another (like a person, idea, or product) makes places feel closer

malthews theory

population growth will eventually outpace food production, leading to widespread famine and resource scarcity, failed to account for technological advancements

gall peter projection

a map projection designed to show countries in their true relative size, making it an equal-area projection, distorts shapes, making landmasses appear stretched horizontally

mercator projection

a cylindrical map projection that depicts the Earth's surface on a flat plane, primarily known for preserving shape and angles, but distorting areas, particularly near the poles in size

robinson projection

a map projection designed to visually represent the entire Earth on a flat surface, minimizing distortion while still showing the overall shape of continents and oceans

clustering

phenomena are arranged in a group or concentrated area

linear

phenomena are arranged in a straight line

dispersal

phenomena are spread out over a large area

circular

phenomena are equally spaced from a central point, forming a circle

geometric

phenomena are in a regular geometric arrangement