Digestive system part II

Oral Cavity

The mouth; responsible for sensory analysis, mechanical digestion, lubrication and limited chemical digestion.

Lingual Lipase

An enzyme secreted by the tongue that aids in the digestion of lipids.

Parotid Gland

A salivary gland that produces serous secretion containing salivary amylase, breaks down starches.

Sublingual Gland

A salivary gland that produces mucus as a lubricant and buffers, located beneath the tongue.

Submandibular Gland

A salivary gland that secretes buffers, glycoproteins, and salivary amylase.

Esophagus

A hollow muscular tube that moves ingested materials to the stomach.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation.

Chyme

Partially digested food mixed with acidic secretions in the stomach.

Pyloric Sphincter

A thick circular layer of muscle that controls stomach emptying into the duodenum.

Pepsinogen

An inactive proenzyme secreted by chief cells that is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

An acid in the stomach that aids in digestion and activates pepsin.

Gastrin

A hormone that stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid and gastric contractions.

Cephalic Phase

The phase of gastric activity controlled by the CNS, stimulated by the sight, smell, or taste of food.

Intestinal Phase

The phase of gastric activity that controls the rate of stomach emptying into the duodenum.

Enterogastric Reflex

A neural response that inhibits gastrin release and stimulates contraction of the pyloric sphincter.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A hormone that inhibits stomach activity and gastric emptying.