Philosophy of the Self Lecture Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of the self and various philosophical perspectives from Socrates to Merleau-Ponty.

A unified being, essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency (or the faculty of rational choice), representing unique identity conditions.

self

BEING" or anything that exists.

Identity

A human or individual; refers to the personality of a human being.

Person

The study of knowledge or wisdom, from the Latin roots philo (love) and sophia (wisdom); often called "The Queen of All Sciences."

Philosophy

A philosopher from Athens, Greece, who used the Socratic Method (dialectic method) and taught that "An unexamined life is not worth living."

Socrates

A dialectic method involving a unique style of asking questions to search for the correct or proper definition of a thing.

Socratic Method

The view that a human is composed of two things: the physical realm (changeable/imperfect body) and the ideal realm (perfect/eternal soul).

Dichotomous Self (Socrates)

A concept introduced by Plato stating that the soul is composed of reason, physical appetite, and spirit or passion.

The Three-Part Soul (Plato)

Refers to the basic biological needs of a human being such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Physical Appetite (Plato)

The basic emotions of a human being such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

Spirit or Passion (Plato)

Christianity's first theologian who described the body as a "snare" or "cage" of the immortal soul and identified God as the source of truth.

St. Augustine

A French philosopher known as the founder of modern philosophy who established the principle "cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I exist).

Rene Descartes

A concept by John Locke meaning "Blank Slate," which assumes the nurture side of human development.

Tabula Rasa

According to Locke, this is anchored in consciousness and the ability of a thinking, intelligent being to reason and reflect.

Personal Identity (Locke)

A Scottish empiricist who controversially claimed there is no self, as experience reveals only distinct "impressions" and "ideas."

David Hume

The basic sensations of experience and elemental data of the mind, such as pain, pleasure, heat, cold, and happiness.

Impressions (Hume)

Copies of impressions that include thoughts and images; they are derivative and once removed from reality.

Ideas (Hume)

An Austrian psychologist and the Father and Founder of Psychoanalysis who proposed the three levels of the mind: Id, Ego, and Superego.

Sigmund Freud

ErosThe life instinct driven by libido, including urges necessary for survival like thirst, hunger, and sex.

Eros

The death instinct manifested in human behavior directed towards destruction through aggression and violence.

Thanatos

The province of the mind primarily based on the pleasure principle.

Id

The province of the mind primarily based on the reality principle.

Ego

The province of the mind dependent on learning right from wrong, referred to as the moral principle.

Superego

A German philosopher who proposed that the self makes consciousness for the person to make sense of everything and gain knowledge.

Immanuel Kant

A French phenomenologist who argued that the division between mind and body is confused thinking and that the world and body are interconnected.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

A human or individual; refers to the personality of a human being.

Person

The study of knowledge or wisdom, from the Latin roots philo (love) and sophia (wisdom); often called 'The Queen of All Sciences.'

Philosophy

philosopher from Athens, Greece, who used the Socratic Method (dialectic method) and taught that 'An unexamined life is not worth living.'

Socrates

A concept introduced by Plato stating that the soul is composed of reason, physical appetite, and spirit or passion.

The Three-Part Soul (Plato)

Refers to the basic biological needs of a human being such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Physical Appetite (Plato)

The basic emotions of a human being such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

Spirit or Passion (Plato)

Scottish empiricist who controversially claimed there is no self, as experience reveals only distinct 'impressions' and 'ideas.'

David Hume

The basic sensations of experience and elemental data of the mind, such as pain, pleasure, heat, cold, and happiness.

Impressions (Hume)

An Austrian psychologist and the Father and Founder of Psychoanalysis who proposed the three levels of the mind: Id, Ego, and Superego.

Sigmund Freud

Immanuel Kant

A German philosopher who proposed that the self makes consciousness for the person to make sense of everything and gain knowledge.

The one that is changeable,temporal and imperfect

Physical realm

According to him, the self is best

understood as a pattern of behavior, the

tendency or disposition for a person to

behave in a certain way in certain

circumstances

Gilbert Ryle

He was a Scottish philosopher and also an

empiricist.

David hume

A French philosopher, mathematician,

and considered the founder of modern

philosoph

Rene descartes

Augustine believed that the physical body is

different from the immortal soul.

• He described body as

as “snare” or “cage” of the

soul.

According to St. Augustine, the human nature is

composed of two realms:

God as the source of all reality and truth.

2. The sinfulness of man.

is the basic emotions of human

being such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness

and empathy

Spirit or passion

is the basic biological needs of

human being such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire

Physical Appetite

enables human to think deeply, make wise

choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal

truths.

Reason

Reason enables human to think deeply, make wise

choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal

truths.

- Plato also called this as

divine essence.

For Socrates -___________ the first belongs to the physical realm

because it changed, it is imperfect, and it dies,

and the latter belongs to ideal realm for it

survives the death.

, a human is composed of body

and soul,

According to him, the division between the

“mind” and the “body” is a product of

confused thinking

Maurice Merleau Ponty

A well-known Australian psychologist and

considered as the Father and Founder of

Psychoanalysis.

Sugmund freud

He explained that in order to gain true knowledge,

one must doubt everything even own existence.

Rene Descartes