Unit 5: Manifest Destiny & Civil War Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and figures from Unit 5: Manifest Destiny & Civil War, providing a comprehensive review for the upcoming exam.

What is the term 'Manifest Destiny' associated with?

The belief that God intended for Americans to expand across North America to spread democracy and 'civilization'.

Who coined the term 'Manifest Destiny'?

John O’Sullivan.

What book did Frederick Douglass write in 1845?

The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass.

What significant achievement did Douglass advocate for?

Literacy as the key to freedom and self-empowerment.

What did the Polk Presidency aim to achieve?

Lower the tariff, restore an independent treasury, settle the Oregon border issue, and annex California.

What did the Spot Resolutions pertain to?

Lincoln requested evidence of where American blood was shed to justify the war against Mexico.

What was the primary cause of the Mexican-American War?

The refusal of Mexico to sell Texas to the U.S. which led to conflict.

What major battle did Zachary Taylor win during the Mexican-American War?

The Battle of Buena Vista.

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo accomplish?

It gave the U.S. all territory from Texas to California north of the Rio Grande.

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

A proposal to eliminate slavery in land acquired from the Mexican-American War.

What year was the Free Soil Party established?

1848.

Who led the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

What was the goal of the Seneca Falls Convention?

To advocate for women's rights, including suffrage.

What was the Compromise of 1850 primarily concerned with?

The status of slavery in the new territories.

Who authored 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'?

Harriet Beecher Stowe.

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act introduce?

Popular sovereignty to determine the legality of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska.

What violent conflict arose from the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Bleeding Kansas.

What was the significance of Dred Scott v. Sandford?

The ruling stated that Black people were not citizens and could not sue in federal courts.

What did Lincoln argue about the nation during the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

That 'a house divided against itself cannot stand'.

What event marked John Brown's attempt to initiate a slave uprising?

The Harpers’ Ferry Raid.

What was the Republican platform in the Election of 1860?

Stop the extension of slavery, protect rights for immigrants, and support internal improvements.

Which state first voted to secede after Lincoln's election?

South Carolina.

What was the result of the Battle of Fort Sumter?

It marked the first battle of the Civil War with a Confederate victory.

What were the Union's advantages at the outbreak of the Civil War?

Higher population, more railroad mileage, and better infrastructure.

What key principle did the Emancipation Proclamation embody?

It declared that all persons held as slaves in rebellious states are free.

What was the purpose of Sherman's March to the Sea?

To frighten Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause.

What led to the end of the Civil War?

General Lee's surrender to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau created for?

To support former slaves with education, shelter, and medical aid.

What strategies did the KKK employ post-Civil War?

Terrorism and intimidation against African Americans and their supporters.

What did the 14th Amendment accomplish?

It granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.

What did the 15th Amendment guarantee?

The right to vote for African American men regardless of race.

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?

For violating the Tenure of Office Act by dismissing a cabinet member without Senate consent.

What scandal highlighted corruption during Grant's presidency?

The Credit Mobilier scandal.

What was the significance of Boss Tweed in political corruption?

Led Tammany Hall and exploited political influence for personal gain.

What characterized the Reconstruction period's weaknesses?

The rise of discriminatory laws and practices that undermined gains for African Americans.

What was the Compromise of 1877?

It resolved the disputed 1876 election and ended military reconstruction in the South.

What are 'scalawags' and 'carpetbaggers'?

Scalawags were Southern supporters of Reconstruction; carpetbaggers were Northerners seeking profit in the South.

What was the immediate impact of the 13th Amendment?

It abolished slavery.

What did the Black Codes aim to achieve?

To restrict the rights and movements of newly freed African Americans.

How did Lincoln's assassination affect Reconstruction efforts?

It removed a leader who had a more lenient plan for reintegrating the South.

What was the outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run?

Union forces retreated, shocking the North and raising Southern morale.

What speech emphasized the principles of human equality during the Civil War?

The Gettysburg Address.

What did Lincoln aim to do with the Emancipation Proclamation regarding the war's purpose?

Transform it into a moral crusade against slavery.

What year did the Civil War effectively end with a formal surrender?

1865.

What lasting impact did Reconstruction have on education?

It established the first public school systems in the South.

Which constitutional amendments granted citizenship and voting rights to freed slaves?

The 14th and 15th Amendments.

In what year was the 14th Amendment ratified?

1868.

What was one of the major failures of the Freedmen's Bureau?

It failed to provide the land promised to free Blacks.