Molecular Shape, Bonding, and Greenhouse Gases

These flashcards review key concepts of molecular shapes, types of bonds, greenhouse gases, and fundamental chemistry principles related to chemical reactions.

What does hybridization explain in terms of molecular structure?

Hybridization explains the molecular shape by combining atomic orbitals of central atoms.

What is the difference between sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds?

Sigma bonds involve direct overlap of orbitals, while pi bonds involve side-by-side overlap.

Why are N2, O2, and Ar not considered greenhouse gases?

They do not absorb infrared radiation.

What causes polar molecules like H2O to absorb IR radiation?

Their molecular vibrations change their dipole moment.

What are the major greenhouse gases mentioned?

H2O, CO2, and CH4 are the major greenhouse gases.

In which reaction are balanced chemical equations written to describe chemical reactions?

They are written from names or formulas.

What is the relationship between average global temperature and CO2 concentration?

There is a direct/proportional relationship.

What is the primary energy conflict during combustion?

The combustion of fossil fuels increases CO2 concentrations.

What type of reaction is characterized by the formation of a precipitate?

A precipitation reaction.

What is meant by limiting reactant?

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction.