Government 101
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25 Terms
Who is considered the Father of the Constitution? Why?
James Madison. Because he wrote the Bill of Rights while also drafting and promoting it as well as the U.S. Constitution
What is the introduction to the Constitution called?
The preamble
Article I
Legislative Branch
Article II
Executive Branch
Article III
Judicial Branch
Article IV
New States
Article V
Amendment process
Article VI
Federal power and national debts
Article VII
Ratification
What is the “necessary and proper” clause?
It authorizes Congress to allow any means that are appropriate. (aka the the “elastic cause”)
What is the Three-fifths clause?
It states that black citizens would be counted as 3/5 of a person
What is the Supremacy Clause?
It refers to the foundational principle that federal law takes precedence over any conflicting state law
Describe the 2 part Amendment process.
1) Proposal
2) Ratification
It can be proposed by congress or call a Convention to propose them.
By the Legislatures of ¾ of the several States or by Convention in ¾ thereof.
What are the first 10 Amendments of the Constitution called?
The Bill of Rights
How many times has the Constitution changed?
27 times
Popular sovereignty
The principle that political power belongs to the people
Natural rights
Rights that belong to us by nature (life, liberty, property, and the persuit of happiness)
Social contract
An agreement between the people and their government about what each side provides to each other
Rule of Law
All persons and institutions are accountable to the same laws
Representative democracy (republicanism)
Citizens elect individuals to represent them in government
Equality of opportunity
Every individual should have an equal chance to succeed and thrive
Limited government
A government that serves the people without infringing upon their freedoms
Checks and balances
Separate branches share powers and can limit or override one another’s actions
Separation of powers
The fundamental way the government balances power so that one part does not overpower the other
Federalism
The sharing of powers between the state governments and the federal government