Ancient Rome part 2, 2

What language did the Western Roman Empire Speak?

Latin

What size was the Western Roman Empire?

Very vast

What was the capital of the Western Roman Empire

Rome

What religion was the Western Roman Empire?

Roman Catholic Church

What language did the Eastern Roman Empire speak?

Greek

What factors caused the Eastern Roman Empire to be safe

Geographic location

\-located on a strait (strong location)

\-strong walls

\-strong government

How the Eastern Roman empire stay safe

Legions were always on guard against the enemies that Rome couldn’t conquer

What religion was the Eastern Roman Empire?

Orthodox

What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?

Constantinople (modern day Istanbul)

What were the primary crops of the Roman Empire?

* Grapes- to make wine
* Olives- to make olive oil
* Grains- to make bread

What were some other resources of the Roman Empire?

Animals, grains, crops, metals, silk, cloth

How did the Romans get their gods

* Romans adopted many Greek gods and changed their names
* The Romans adopted many gods from the Egyptians, Persians, and Gauls

What type of religion was the Roman religion?

Polytheistic

What type of religion is the Jewish religion

Monotheistic

When did Romans put restrictions on religions?

When the religion became a problem

How did the Romans treat the Jews?

* The Romans were hostile to the Jews
* the Jews were treated harshly and taxed heavily

Which emperor banned Jewish practices

Hadrian

What did the Romans do on the ruins of Jerusalem

built a city

Where were Jews forced to move?

Other parts of Roman Empire

Who did Jesus Influence?

many people who listened to his teachings

What did Jesus’ teachings challenge

the authority of political and religious leaders

What is the Crucification

According to Christian beliefs Jesus was executed by crucifixion.

What was a sign that Jesus was the Messiah

After his crucifixion Jesus rose from the dead 3 days later

What did Paul and his friends do?

Spread Christianity to Jews and non-Jews

What became the official Roman religion?

Christianity

How did the Romans transition from a polytheistic to monotheistic religion

Emperor Constantine became a christian

\-christianity bans were removed

\-another emperor made christianity Rome’s official religion

Which emperor first accepted Christianity?

Constantine

How many christians lived in the Roman Empire?

thousands

Why were christians executed?

for spreading their faith

What were the causes of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire

* Overexpansion and military overspending
* Christianity and loss of traditional Roman value
* Migration of the Huns and arrivals of other tribes
* Invasions of other tribes
* Government corruption and Political instability
* Economic troubles and labor/slave shortages
* Rise of Eastern Roman Empire
* Weakening of Army

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Who did the Western Roman Empire pay to not attack them

the Goths

What was life like during the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Tax prices soared, disease, invasion, people fleeing, population decreased

What was emperor Constantine known for?

* Moved Roman capital from Rome to Constantinople (which he named after himself)
* First emperor to accept christianity

What happened after Constantine’s death?

The unity of the empire broke apart

Why was Justinian “great”.

* He conquered Italy and other parts of the Mediterranean sea using his military
* Reorganized Law
* Built many monuments and buildings
* Allowed his wife (Theodora) to co-rule

What empire was the Byzantine Empire part of

The Eastern Roman Empire

What was the iconoclasm

a movement that banned religious images, “the smashing of the images”

Who were monks

people who dedicated their lives to religion and managed many institutions

What were the crusades?

Holy wars between Western Christians and the Muslims

Who was the strongest enemy of the Byzantine Empire

Muslim armies

What did Byzantine scholars help translate

Greek writings

When was the golden age of the Byzantine Empire

late 10th century- early 11th century

What happened during the Byzantine Empire golden age

* Less territory
* more wealth, reputation, and control over trade than under Justinian
* many became monks

How did the Byzantine Empire fall?

* Under the rule of the last emperors the economy began to suffer


* Constantine XI’s death= fall of empire complete
* The Empire became part of the Ottoman empire (Turks)

Who did the Byzantine Empire continue to influence

many others like the west and orthodox countries

Who divided the Roman Empire

Diocletian

Which part of the Roman Empire lasted longer

The Eastern Roman Empire

Who did Roman builders learn from

Greeks and Etruscans

What did the Romans learn how to use?

the arch, vault and dome

What inspired many architects?

grand style of Roman buildings

The Romans were the first to make widespread use of what?

Concrete

How was concrete made?

mixing broken sand, cement and water (then hardens)

What buildings did the Romans invent

Stadiums

The Romans were the greatest builders of what?

roads, bridges, and aqueducts

What did Roman techniques set the standard for?

Aqueducts and roads

What do modern stadiums still use?

tunnels to reach seats

What Romans structure can be found in U.S. congress

dome, column, arch

Forum

A long open space where soldiers got their orders The center of the city Government and religious center

rostrum

a raised platform where speaches were made and decrees were read to the citizens. (Opposite end of the temple)

Cardo

Main street running from north to south

Decumanus

Main street running east to west

Insula(e)

A block in the city in which there are houses, shops, workshops, and apartments. There would be many insulae in a city.

Inner wall

A wall made to block the path of things that might be fired into the city (several feet higher than the outer wall)

Outer wall

A wall on the outside of a ditch made to protect a city

How many feet were the walls into the ground?

30 ft

Crenellations

Alternating high and low sections on the top of the outer wall. Soldiers would hide behind them.

Pomerium

A 30ft wide strip of land that was marked off because it represented the scared boundary of the city which was protected by the gods.

Arch

made from wedge shaped stones and were what made a lot of Roman buildings

Keystone

The top stone of an arch that held it all together.

portcullis

A heavy wooden gate that protected the city

Tunnel Vault

A series of arches stacked back to back that create a room with a curved ceiling. Vaulting is the use of arches to create enclosed spaces.

Aqueduct

A pipe line that brings water from mountain lakes, 38 miles to the south, connected to two reservoirs

reservoirs

Deep rectangular pools whose walls were made from brick faced concrete, 50 feet off the ground, the height was adjustable

sewers

Large tunnels that carried water under the city

Cloaca

Sewers were connected to this and it carried water to the city and river. It was large enough for people to walk into.

Colonnade of shops, office, schoolrooms

Rows of columns that surrounded buildings and the forum -Level One- Little shops -Level two- schoolrooms and offices

Triumphal arch

Constructed for the glory of the emperor, made from brick faced concrete and covered with sheets of colored materials

Market

The open area where farmers and merchants set up their stands, half a block, different markets sold different things, shops were organized by product

Public foutains

Fountains located in the center of the market, could be used for collecting water.

amphitheater

A round entertainment center which contained passages and stone seats

Theater

A semicircular entertainment center that was connected by tunnels and contained stone seats

Thermae

Public baths

Caldarium

The hot-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment.

tepidarium

warm-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment

frigidarium

The cold-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment

Building code

No privately owned buildings could be higher than twice the size of the street it stood on. This ensured that the sunlight reached the street.

What types of letters was Latin?

Upper case

How does Latin influence English?

* English uses the Latin alphabet + 3 more letters
* many english words come from Latin
* Latin proverbs are still in use
* Many English words start with Latin prefixes

What languages developed from Latin?

European languages (French, Spanish, Italian)

Where can Roman numerals be found in the modern world?

Clocks, sundials, first pages of books

What is Stoicism

Philosophy that flourished in Greece and Rome

What did Stoicism focus on?

developed self control, virtue, and courage to be happy

\-beating pain and suffering greatly and quietly

What did the Stoics believe in?

* The right way to live was in a way that agreed with nature and it’s laws
* divine intelligence ruled all of nature and that a perosn’s soul was a spark of this.

What did the Roman law believe in

Justice and nature

\-all humans have rights that no written law can take away

What did the Roman Law cover

marriages, inheritances, contracts and other aspects of daily life.

How did Roman Law influence the U.S.?

U.S. declaration and constitution were influenced by Roman ideas about law and government.

What is Greco-Roman art

Roman art with large Greek influence

What were Roman Sculptures/ Statues like?

realistic

What were wealthy Roman homes decorated with?

Mosaics and Murals

What are frescoes?

a type of mural (often illustrated 3D landscape and scenes)