Monotheism

orthodox

restrictive, focus highly on the law, value religion > culture

conservative

reasonable, follow law if you can but if it’s too much its ok, value religion and culture

reform

loose, relaxed, liberal, value culture > religion

rosh hashanah

Jewish new year

passover

commemorating the exodus, coming out of slavery in Egypt

Hanukkah

commemorating the rededication of the temple

Pentecost

giving of the ten commandments on Mt Sinai

Yom Kippur

Day of Atonement

Sukkot

remembering wandering in the desert

Yom HaShoah

remembering the Holocaust

Kosher

Judaism dietary laws

Tzedakah

charity/justice

Tefilla

prayer recitations

Tanakh

Jewish holy scripture (Old Testament)

Shabbat

Sabbath/Day of Rest (Friday evening to Saturday evening)

Kippah

yarmulke, head covering to remind men that God is above

Tzitzit

tassels reminding them of the 613 commandments

Siddur

Jewish prayer book

Minyan

group of men required to have a prayer service

synagogue

Jewish house of worship

talmud

civil and ceremonial law

YHWH

the name of God

tallit

prayer shawl

torah

book of law, first five books

five pillars of Islam

shahada, salat, sawm, zakat, hajj

Shahada

affirmation of faith, there is no God but Allah

Salat

prayer five times a day towards Mecca and the Kaaba

Sawm

fast during Ramadan

Zakat

2.5% to charity

Hajj

pilgrimmage to Mecca

mosque

place of prostration, place of worship for muslims

zamzam

hagar and ishmael’s well

sharia law

the way to live, flowering spring

akhirah

afterlife

Jannah

heaven/paradise

qibla

direction of prayer, to Mecca

sunni

community elected to caliph

shia

imam of family lineage

safa and marwa

two hills that hagar runs between, part of the Hajj

hijab

headscarf or veil woen by women

halal

permissible food

Islam

submission

wudhu

ritual washing before prayer

muslim

one who submits

the grand mosque

mosque in mecca, holds the kaaba

quran

holy book of recitation spoken from Gabriel to Muhammed

hadith

collection of sayings by muhammed

jihad

to struggle, interpreted as holy war

• war against non-Muslims (extreme minority)

• internal holy war against the self (non extreme)

kaaba

built by adam and eve, rebuilt by abraham and ishmael, holiest site in islam, blackstone, destination for Hajj (walk around seven times)

three holiest cities of Islam in order

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

mecca

kaaba located here, where muhammed is from, origin of islam, destination for Hajj

Medina

where Muhammed flees under persecution, where Islam grows exponentially, part of the Hajj, where Muhammed dies

Jerusalem

dome of the rock, where muhammed ascends the seven levels of heaven, receives instructions for prayer (salat)