Studied by 42 peopleformal education
takes place in classrooms, where there is a syllabus and set content to be taught and learnt
informal education
takes place outside classrooms at home or work through daily interactions
hidden curriculum
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms
socialisation
the process of learning culture
secondary socialisation
socialisation following primary socialisation
social expectations
ways in which people are expected to behave in certain situations
social control
ways in which people are forced to behave a certain way
sanctions
ways children are reprimanded for something they've done
rewards
ways in which children are praised for something they've done
functions of education
ways in which education contributes to society
social mobility
movement up or down the social hierarchy
equality of opportunity
when everyone has the same chances of success
meritocracy
a system in which individuals reach deserving social positions based on skills, achievements and talent
post-cumpulsory education
education following the school-leaving age
state schools
schools established by the government
private school
school not run or controlled by the government
faith schools
schools controlled by a religious organisation
selective education
pupils selected and excluded on the basis of their academic ability
comprehensive system
non-selective schools accepting all children in the area
cultural capital
the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society
educational inequality
when different groups (CAGE) are treated differently or have different levels of educational achievement
positive discrimination
giving disadvantaged groups better treatment
social factors
things that affect lifestyle
discrimination
when one group's treated unfairly
ethnocentrism
seeing other cultures from the point of view of your own
intelligence
how clever someone is
social stratification
different levels into which societies are divided based on wealth, power and status
educational achievement
how well individuals do in the school system
labelling
defining someone in a certain way so that's expected of them
streaming
teaching children of similar ability in the same classes for all classes
material deprivation
standard of living in the home background of children that prevent them from achieving in education
home factors
factors in the home background of children affecting how they do in school
cultural deprivation
aspects of values and attitudes from the family background preventing children from achieving in education
immediate gratification
having short-term aims and wanting rewards straight away
deferred gratification
having long-term aims and being willing to postpone rewards
restricted code
informal form of language used with close friends and family
elaborated code
formal language used in careful detail
school factors
factors at school affecting children's educational achievement
self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that causes people to act in ways that make that expectation come true
setting
teaching children of similar ability in the same classes for particular classes
IQ tests
Intelligence quotient tests involve answering questions that are then used to work out a score in which supposedly indicates how intelligent the person is
official curriculum
subjects and lessons and their content
vocationalism
vocational education prepares people for work or trains them for particular jobs or careers
life chances
the opportunities that individuals have to improve their lives
anti school subculture
the norms and values of a group of pupils that reject the school's values
culture of masculinity
norms and values that involve supposedly masculine characteristics
social conformity
fitting in with social expectations for behaviour
single-sex schools
schools that take either only boys or only girls
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