Unit 2: The Philippines and Southeast Asia

Flashcards covering human geography concepts, ethnolinguistic groups, language families, notable Southeast Asian landmarks, and religious systems as described in the notes.

What is Heograpiyang Pantao (Human Geography) studied as, and what are its particular topics?

The study of people, their culture, activities, and their relationship to the physical environment; topics include ethnolinguistic groups, belief systems, social structure, and power relations.

What is an ethnolinguistic group (pangkat-etnolingguwistiko)?

A group of people with similar linguistic origin and cultural traditions, usually linked to a language family.

What is a language family (pamilya ng wika)?

A group of languages believed to have originated from a single original language.

Name two broad ethnolinguistic families prominent in Southeast Asia.

Austronesyano (Austronesian) and Papuan.

Which languages are included under Austronesyano in the Philippines?

Tagalog, Sebwano (Cebuano), Bisaya, and other languages.

Where are Papuan ethnolinguistic groups located and what are they known for?

In the eastern part of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea; traditional livelihoods include agriculture, fishing, and hunting; known for mask-making and wood carving; cultural artifacts include kundu (drum), plawtang (bamboo flute), and Sing-sing festival.

What are Banaue Rice Terraces and which people built them?

Hagdan-hagdan palayan; Banaue Rice Terraces built by the Ifugao in the Philippines.

What is Borobudur?

A temple in Indonesia and a major cultural heritage site.

What is Angkor Wat?

A temple in Cambodia built by the Khmer Empire; a major religious and cultural landmark.

Name two traditional Filipino cultural heritages mentioned in the notes.

Tinikling and Kundiman.

Which traditional musical instruments are listed as cultural heritage?

Khene and ranat.

What is the Banaue Rice Terraces?

A landmark built by the Ifugao in the Philippines (hagdan-hagdan palayan).

Which languages are exemplified as Austronesian languages in page 9 (Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Cham)?

Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, and Cham; groups are seafarers and farmers known for navigation and sailing.

What is the significance of the outrigger boat (katig) in Filipino culture?

Represents Austronesian influence; associated with traditional navigation and boat-making.

Which river has been the basis of traditional life for Khmer and Vietnamese peoples?

The Mekong River.

Khmer and Vietnamese languages belong to which language family?

Austroasiatic.

Where is the Austroasiatic language family located?

Cambodia, Vietnam, and parts of Thailand and Laos.

Where is the Tai-Kadai language family primarily found?

Thailand, Laos, and eastern Myanmar.

Where is the Tibeto-Burman language family found?

Myanmar and parts of Thailand.

What is Bul’ul?

A sacred figure in Ifugao culture believed to protect crops.

What is Animism?

The belief that all things in nature have spirits; rituals to communicate with nature spirits for help, protection, and gratitude.

What is the religious landscape in the Philippines in terms of major faiths and approximate shares?

Roman Catholic (about 78%), Islam (about 6.8%), and other Christian denominations; Mindanao has a significant Muslim presence.

Which country in Southeast Asia has Islam as a major religion and features the Mindanao region in the Philippines?

Islam is major in several SE Asian countries; in the Philippines, Mindanao has a significant Muslim population.

What is Vesak?

The Buddhist festival celebrating the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha.

Which country hosts Angkor Wat and is heavily Buddhist?

Cambodia.

What is Bon Om Touk?

The Cambodian Water Festival.

Where is the Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque located and what is its significance?

Brunei; it is described as the largest mosque in Southeast Asia.

What is the Sultanate of Melaka known for in the spread of Islam?

A 13th-century Islamic sultanate that facilitated the spread of Islam in the Malay world and influenced political structures.

Name three major religious systems described in Southeast Asia.

Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.

Which ancient temple and which Papuan cultural artifacts are highlighted in the notes?

Borobudur (Indonesia) and Papuan artifacts such as kundu (drum) and plawtang (bamboo flute); Sing-sing festival mentioned as cultural heritage.