Ap human Geo 1a

Absolute location

A precise position on Earth's surface

accessability

The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. Accessibility varies from place to place and can be measured.

cartogram

a map that distorts the geographic shape of an area in order to show the size of a specific variable. The larger the area on a cartogram, the larger the value of the underlying variable.

cartography

The science of making maps.

choropleth maps

uses colors and shades within predetermined geographic regions to visualize quantitative data that changes from place to place.

circular distribution

phenomena are equally spaced from a central point, forming a circle, such as the distribution of the homes of people who shop at a particular store.

clustered

when objects in an area are close together

concentration

a property of distribution across space that measures how spread out a feature is.

connection

refers to the relationship among people and objects across the barrier of space.

density

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

diffusion

The pattern by which a phenomenon such as the movement of people, ot their ideas, technologies, or preferences, spreads from a particular location through space and time.

dispersed

The spacing of people within geographic population boundaries.

distance decay

The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

distortion

The misrepresentation of a shape, area, distance, or direction, of or between geographic features when compared to their true measurement on the curved surface of the earth.

dot density maps

A map that uses dots to represent one object, which is called a one-dot-density map, or it can represent a number of objects, which is called a one-to-kmnay-dot-density map.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

a system of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice daily and transmit radio signals earthward. This is the basis for many map-based apps that provide directions on how to get from one place to another

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A software application for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface allows the rapid manipulation of geospatial data for problem-solving and research.

globalixation

The process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

the time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0" longitude

homogeneous

of the same or similar kind of nature

homolosine

An equal-area pseudocylindrical projection for world maps.

human geography

The branch of geography that studies how human activity affects of is influenced by earth's surface human well-being and population growth and decline.

International Date Line

An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land area. When the International Date Line is crossed heading east lowers America, the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When it crosses heading west toward Asia, the calendar moves ahead one day.

isoline maps

map uses lines to connect points on a map that have the same numerical value, representing continuous data like elevation, temperature, or pressure.

large-scale maps

shows a small area with a high level of detail, featuring a large representative fraction

latitude

The (invisible) horizontal lines circling Earth parallel to the equator; latitude is the degree of distance north or south from the equator, which is at 0 degrees, as far as the poles, which are at 90 degrees

linear distribution

A settlement pattern in which buildings are arranged in a line, often along a road or river; limited to areas where legal systems dictated that property lines must be rectangular

Longitude

The (invisible) vertical lines on Earth's surface that mark imaginary circles connecting the North Pole with the South Pole

mercator projection

A map projection that is useful for navigation because the lines connecting points on the map represent the true compass direction; however, landmasses become increasingly distorted the farther away they are from the equator

nonrenewable natural resources

Natural resources that are available on Earth in finite quantities and will eventually be used up

patterns

the arrangement, distribution, or spatial relationship of features, phenomena, or elements on the Earth's surface

physical maps

Their primary purpose is to show landforms like deserts, mountains, and plains.

political map

A map that shows the spatial organization of the countries and territories on the entire globe at a given point in time

Projection

A system used to transfer locations from Earth' surface to a flat map.

reference map

A map that shows geographic locations on Earth's surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans

relative location

The position of one place (or person) in relation to the position of another place (or person)

remote sensing

The scanning of Earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it

Robinson Projection

A map projection that attempts to create the most visually appealing representation of Earth by keeping all types of distortion relatively low over most of the map

scale

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

scale analysis

The relative size of the map or lens we choose to use to observe geographical phenomena. Also called the relative scale, the scale of analysis includes local, regional, national, and global sizes to consider when viewing maps of Earth.

small-scale maps

show a larger geographic area with few details on it. Small-scale maps show large areas like countries or huge geographic areas such as continents.

spacial data

any information that can be associated with a specific location on Earth

spatial pattern

the arrangement, distribution, or placement of features, phenomena, or people across a geographical area

thematic map

A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationships between them

topographic map

A graphic representation of the three-dimensional configuration of Earth's surface

township and range

The land survey system was created by the U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785, which divided most of the country's territory into a grid of square-shaped townships with 6-mile sides