Module 1: Information Systems in Business

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the major components, systems, and strategic models of information systems in business as presented in Bidgoli, MIS, 11th Edition.

Data

The input to an information system, consisting of raw facts from internal or external sources.

Internal Data

Data sourced from within an organization, such as sales and personnel records.

External Data

Data sourced from outside an organization, such as customers, competitors, suppliers, and government agencies.

Disaggregated Data

Data that identifies individual categories, helping analyze sales by product, territory, or salesperson.

Aggregated Data

Data summarized to show overall results, useful for reporting performance during a sales quarter.

Database

A collection of relevant data organized in a series of integrated files, essential for the success of an information system.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software used to create, organize, and manage databases while reducing the time needed to process data manually.

Process

The component of an information system that generates useful information for decision-making through calculation, grouping, and ordering.

Information

The output of an information system, consisting of facts analyzed by the process component.

Timeliness

A usefulness quality of information where data is provided when it is needed for decision-making.

Relevance

A usefulness quality of information where the output is directly related to the tasks at hand.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A flexible and easy-to-use interface that influences the usefulness of information by presenting it in various formats like graphics and tables.

Information Technologies

Specialized tools such as the Internet, computer networks, and RFID tags used to fulfill input, process, output, and storage needs.

Computer Literacy

Basic knowledge of hardware, software, the Internet, and collaboration tools, including skills in using productivity software.

Information Literacy

Understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence.

Business Intelligence (BI)

Provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments to give organizations a competitive advantage.

Transaction-Processing Systems (TPSs)

Systems focused on data collection and processing for cost reduction, typically applied to structured tasks like record keeping.

Management Information System (MIS)

An organized integration of hardware, software, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely and useful information for decision-making.

The Four Ms

The critical resources managed by information systems: Manpower, Machinery, Materials, and Money.

Personnel Information System (PIS)

A system designed to provide information that helps decision-makers in human resources carry out tasks effectively.

Logistics Information System (LIS)

A system designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials while maintaining safe and reliable delivery.

Manufacturing Information System (MFIS)

A system used to manage manufacturing resources, reduce costs, increase quality, and improve inventory decisions.

Financial Information System (FIS)

A system used to provide timely information to financial executives.

Marketing Information System (MKIS)

A system used to improve marketing decisions regarding the marketing mix: price, promotion, place, and product.

Overall Cost Leadership

A strategy using information systems to help organizations reduce the cost of products and services.

Bottom-line Strategy

A strategy to improve efficiency by reducing overall costs.

Top-line Strategy

A strategy to generate new revenue by offering new products or services or by reaching new customers.

Differentiation Strategy

A strategy of making products and services different from those of competitors, such as through personalization.

Focus Strategy

Focusing on specific market segments to achieve a cost or differentiation advantage.

Porter’s Five Forces Model

A model that analyzes a firm's position in the marketplace based on buyer power, supplier power, substitutes, new entrants, and rivalry.

Buyer Power

High when customers have many choices and low when they have few choices.

Supplier Power

High when customers have fewer options and low when customers have more options.

Threat of Substitute Products or Services

High when many alternatives to an organization's products and services are available.

Threat of New Entrants

Low when duplicating a company's product or service is difficult.

Rivalry Among Existing Competitors

High when competitors occupy the same marketplace position.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

The executive who oversees long-range planning and monitors new developments that affect a company's success.

Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)

The individual responsible for managing the risks and business impacts of privacy laws and policies.

Systems Analyst

The person responsible for the design and implementation of information systems.

Database Administrator (DBA)

The person responsible for database design and implementation, requiring knowledge of data warehouses and data-mining tools.

Ubiquitous Computing

A future trend involving computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) being present everywhere.