HIST137- Coldwar

Eisenhower

A fiscal conservative who is liberal towards human needs

Eisenhowers approach to cold war

Committed to fighting the cold war but didn’t want to overspend

Warned people of nuclear weapons and CIA overthrowing Iran and Guatemalan gov.

Economy during the Eisenhower era

Prosperous, GNP growth, real wages raised, middle class growth

GI bill for education

Money for education led to housing, higher education, higher paying jobs, more money flowing through gov.

Eisenhowers idea of Gov. Role

Cut public projects, some employees, some wages

Kept SS, unemployment benefits, gas tax, social welfare spending

Flexible Response

JFK idea to increase conventional/special forces

Peace Corps

Sent volunteers abroad for education and development

USAID

Managed foreign aid to developing nations

Alliance for Progress

$20B in aid sent to Latin American; prevent communism

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviets established missiles in Cuba

US sets blockade and missiles in Turkey

Led to a standoff- solved diplomatically

What ended above ground nuclear testing

Cuban Missile Crisis

Brown v Board

Ended segregation in public schools (Topelca, Kansas)

Southern Manifesto

White supremacists claimed that talk of racism only made racism worse and created problems where there weren’t any before

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Sparked by Rosa Parks arrest. People walked and carpooled instead.

Led to attacks/hate crimes against POC

Gayle v Browd

expanded segregation laws from public schools to public transportation

Little Rock 9

9 African American students enrolled at Central HS

Eisenhower sent army to enforce integration laws

Greensboro Sitin

Peaceful sit in at Woolworths. Addressed issue of public accommodation segregation

Domino Theory

Fear that if Vietnam fell to communism, so would other countries

Gulf of Tonkin

Gave war powers to LBJ after alleged vietnamese attacks

Search & Destroy Missions

US troops hunted Vietnamese communists; destroying villages

Body Counts

Misleading measures of success

Draft controversy

Young men sent to war led to protests

My Lai Massacre

US killed 500+ Viet civilians.

Worsened anti-war sentiment

Controversy of Vietnam War

Unclear objectives, distrust in gov, high casualties

Tet Offensive

Surprise attacks on Vietnam, US won militarily but lost public support

JFK New Frontier

Ideas of more gov action for economy and addressing poverty

Success of New Frontier

Minimum wage raise, aid to unemployment, housing

Failure of New Frontier

No aid to education, no healthcare

Disappointing and more of a false promises

Great Society

Aimed to improve medical, education, economy, housing

Economic Opportunity Act

Job corps, headstart, worker retraining, basic education

Elementary and Secondary Education

Federal funding especially to low income schools

Loans, grants, scholarships, National Teacher Corps

Medicare

Health insurance to Senior Citizens

Medicaid

Federal insurance to low income (1of5)

Wilderness Act

Protect federal land from development.