Indigenous people of New France

What are alternative names and the meaning of the Haudenosaunee Peoples

- Called the Iroquois Confederacy by the French, league of five nations by the English
- The confederacy is properly called the Haudrnosaunee confederacy meaning "people of the long house"

What groups did the Haudenosaunee people consist of?

Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, and Mohawk

Why and how was the confederacy of 5 nations founded

founded by the prophet known as the Peacemaker with the help of Aionwatha, more commonly known as Hiawatha

Who were the Haudenosaunee people allied with and against?

- Although they shared a similar language and culture to the Wendat ,they were enemies and were at war with them prior to European settlement
- Were allied with the British but eventually made peace with the French in 1701

What is an alternative name and the meaning of the word Anishinabe

Called Algonquian by french
meant "real men" or "real humans"

Who were the Anishinabe people allied with and who did they have trade with

- The Anishinaabe people were long standing allies with the Wendat
- Traded furs for Wendat corn
- Early trading partners of the French and allied with French and Wendat against the Haudenosaunee Confederacy

What are other names for the Innu people are what does Innu mean

- Innu meant "man" or "person"
- Formerly called Montagnais by French, for "mountain people"
- The Vikings/Norsemen referred to the Innu as the Skræling

Where was the Innu territory?

in the northeastern portion of the present day province of Labrador and some portions of Quebec

What was the Innu's relationship with Champlain and the French

- At the time of Champlain, the Innu taught the French how to survive but once the French learned how to survive on their own they attacked the Innu, who had a massive disadvantage in numbers and weaponry, and eventually began to avoid the French rather than risk total defeat

How many and where do the Innu live today

- Today about 18,000 Innu live in eleven settlements within reserves in Québec and Labrador

What does Wendat mean and what's another name for them and what does that mean

- Wendat means "islanders" or "dwellers on a peninsula"
- Named "Hurons" by the French meaning hure, which referred to the male Huron's bristly coiffure (hair).
- The name also meant "rough" and "boorish" (basically calling them wild pigs cause they're perceived to be savage)

Who did the Wendat people ally with and why?

- In exchange for military and economic alliance with the French, the Wendat agreed to accept Jesuit missionaries into their land

Whats the Columbian exchange and where did it come from?

- The exchanging of infomration, goods, ideas and diseases
- Named after Christopher Columbus

Christian worldview

Meaning of existence was to dominate nature
Humans in hierarchical relationship with other entities
Religious symbol was a pyramid or upward pointing line
Blind faith in god
Didn't fear death

Wendat Worldview

Meaning of existence was to maintain harmony with nature
humans were equal partners with other entities in natural world
religious symbol is circle

Believed dreams were offset of real life (real life in the futures and must always be obeyed)
Wendat "lived"- tobacco scénario where LaFourge wanted to ration it but the indigenous man wanted to smoke it now

Similarities in the Christian worldview and Wendat:

- Both believed in supernatural power that influenced our lives
- Shared belief in pre-determinism- for Christians, "god has a plan", while Wendat also believed that their life was determinism
- The power resided high above the earth (in the sky or the sun) and "heaven"
- Both belief systems encouraged personal contact with supernatural/divine
- —> Wendat men expected to fast and seek "guardian spirit"
- —> Jesuits encouraged fasting, vigils, retreats to get closer to god
- Shared belief that divine power controlled rain, drought, sickness/health and that prayer could communicate with this power
- Both accepted idea of afterlife

How did the fur trade begin?

The Europeans desired Native furs that could be used for clothing
Native people also wanted European knives, hatchets, pots, beads, etc.
Monetary value of the European's offers were much less, but everyone was happy

What did Giovanni Verrazano discover?

In 1524 he sailed North America coast, found out it was a continent not islands

What did Jacques Cartier do?

1534 (ish) he claimed Gaspe penisula for french, next year he returned to explore the saint lawrence guided by 2 indigenous cheif's sons he had kidnapped the year before

Which 2 people tried to start a colony and what happened?

1: cartier, failed and french limited canada to fishing
2: Samuel de Champlain, was made assistant to Sieur de monts, set up trading posts, the fort failed, he went down the St.L, allied with the Algonkians and Montagnais and later Hurons who became the largest fur trade for France, his colony was attacked, he was kidnapped and 100 Associantes took over

What did the Company of 100 Associates do?

They managed the fur trade, were supposed to bring settlers and establish seigneuries but kinda half assed this and went bankrupted in 1660

What did the Jesuit missions do and who were they?

-an order of Roman Catholic Priests, partners of 100 associates
-backed by the king, they wanted to spread gods word
-This split the Hurions who later got attacked and killed

Who were the Coureurs de bois and what did they do?

Independant traders of the fur business
Started Fur brigades and and two of them started hudsons bay company

What 2 things happened because NF became a royal colony

-in 1661, France sent soldiers to defeat and form peace/trade with the Iroquois saving NF
-In 1663 it officially became a royal colony and joined the mercantilism system

What was life like in NF (how did habitants and seignuers live)

Generally very good, bith seigneurs and habitants were both quite prosperous

What were the 3 largest tows in new france?

Quebec, Montreal and Trois Rivieres
18 000 europeans in all of canada

How did women live in new france

some of the first women to immigrate were nuns
though they had few rights, w/ men needing to leave to trade, women were seen as partners on the farm and were very knoledgable