summative test in general biology quarter 4

which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal nutrient

plants are autotrophic and produce their own food while most animals are heterotrophic

Which type of animal maintains a constant internal body temperature

endotherms

in plants, gas exchange primarily occurs through which structures

stomata and lenticels

what is the primary transport tissue in plants responsible for moving water from roots to leaves

xylem

in animals, the circulatory system functions to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. what is the plant equivalent of this function

vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)

what is the main organ responsible for temperature regulation in mammals

skin

which organ in animals plays the largest role in osmoregulation?

kidneys

what is the main ffunction of the skeletal system in animals?

to provide support, protection and assist in movement

in plants which structure provides support and helps maintain the plant’s shape?

cell wall

which type of skeleton do arthropods, such as insects and crabs have?

exoskeleton

how do animals with hydrostatic skeleton, such as earthworms, move?

by contracting annd expanding muscles against a fluid-filled cavity

give me an animal that rely on an exoskeleton for movement

crab

Which of the following statements correctly compares movement in plants and animals

plants respod to stimuli through slow movements, while animals use muscles for faster movement

what is the main fucntion of the pholem in plants

transporting food and sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

animals obtain nutrients by consuming food. which of the following is not a type of animal nutrition

anything that involves plant (photovory)

what is the first line of defense in the human immune system?

skin and mucous membrane

how do vaccines help the immune system?

They expose the body to a harmless form of pathogen, allowing the immune system to recognize and respond

which of the following best describes innate immunity?

a defense mechanism present from birth that provides a general response to pathogens

what type of circulatory system do insects have?

open circulatory system

what is the main gas exchange occurring in the human lungs?

alveoli

how do insects perform gas exchange?

through spiracles and tracheal tubes

in amphibians, what additional method of gas exchange do they use besides lungs?

direct diffusion through the skin

what is the main function of the nervous system?

to regulate and coordinate body activities

the central nervous system (PNS) is made up of?

the brain and spinal cord

the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up of ?

sensory and motor nerves outside the CNS

the autonomic nervous system controls:

involuntary activities like heart rate and digestion

the type of skeleton found in insects and arthropods that provides external support

exoskeleton

The macronutrient that is primarily responsible for providing energy in the body

carbohydrates

the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occur

alveoli

the term for organisms that maintain a stable internal temperature regardless of the environment

endotherms

the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels

insulin

the process by which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane to balance solute concentration

osmosis

the organ that filters waste and regulates water balance in the body

kidney

the type of skeleton found in vertebrates that provides internal support a

endoskeleton

thee hormone that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose

glucagon

the type of muscle that is found only in the heart

cardiac muscle