lim-hatic immune system

Lymphatic vessels

Collect and transport lymph fluid leaked capillaries

Lymph node

Filter lymph traps harmful substances and produces immune cells

Tonsils and adenoids

First line of defense produces lymphocytes and traps pathogen entering through the mouth or nose

Thymus

Produces T cells helping defend against pathogens and cancer cells

Spleen

Filters blood removes old cells houses lymphocytes

Red bone marrow

Produces rbc including immune responding lymphocytes

Lymph fluids

Carries immune cells wastes and fats absorbed from intestine

Appendix

Stores beneficial bacteria aiding in immune response post infection by replenishing the gut microbiota

Active immunity

Antibodies are produced in response to the presence of a pathogen

How is it acquired

Direct exposure to disease or vaccine-

induced immunity

Duration

Long-lasting and/or lifelong protection

Example

Catching a cold

Receiving the measles vaccine

Passive immunity

Given antibodies from another source rather than their own

How is it acquired

Natural - Breast Milk, Placenta

Artificial - Immunoglobulin

Duration

Immediate protection but temporary

Example

Infants get antibodies from others

Rabies shot from an Animal Bite

Innate immune system

Present at birth and provides immediate non specific protection

First line of defense

Skin epidermis dermis physical chemical biological

Mucous membranes

Second line of defense

Non specific cells and mechanisms all working to fight off infections without targeting specific pathogen

Phagocytes find and attack anything that doesn’t belong

2. Neutrophils

First responders

Produces non stop in bone marrow

Cytokines call neutrophil upon barrier breach

Trap and engulf and release deadly enzymes chemical

Self destruct and turns into pus

2. Macrophages

Clean up crews

Detect invaders by foreign proteins

Capture by extending cytoplasmic arms to grab bacteria

Engulfment swallow into phagosome

Destruction dissolve bacteria with a lysosome

Natural killer cells

IDENTIFY THE TARGET

HEALTHY CELLS HAVE MHC1 (MAJOR

HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS 1)

SPOTTING A RED FLAG

STOP PRODUCING MHC1 WHEN INFECTED

WITH VIRUS OR CANCER

ASSASSINATION

SWALLOWS THE CELL AND KILLS IT BY

INJECTING TOXIC PROTEINS

Adaptive Immune systems

Acquired through exposure - Specific immune cells target &

recognize particular pathogens, producing antibodies to

specific antigens

antigen

Substance that triggers an immune response

Bacteria viruses fungi toxins cancer

B cell

Plasma B cells are wbc that make antibodies made in bone marrow

NAOC

NEUTRALIZATION “NO TOUCHY”

ANTIBODIES BLOCK THE VIRUS’S

BINDING SITES

AGGLUTINATION “STICK TOGETHER, YOU’RE NOT GOING

ANYWHERE”

CLUMPS MULTIPLE ANTIGENS TOGETHER SO

THEY CAN’T SPREAD

OPSONIZATION “TAG, YOU’RE IT”

MARKS INVADERS FOR DESTRUCTION,

MAKE THEM AN EASY TARGET FOR

PHAGOCYTES TO GOBBLE UP

COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION “CALL IN THE BIG GUNS”

CALLS IN EXTRA IMMUNE REINFORCEMENTS TO BLOW

HOLES IN INVADERS

Cell- mediated immune system

Involves the activation and action of immune cells, particularly

T lymphocytes (T cells), to defend against intracellular

pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites

Helper T Cells CD4+

Sound the alarm

Call in reinforcements

Creates memory cells for future

Cytotoxic T Cells CD8+

Hunt down infected cells

Delivers a lethal hit

Moves to next target

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Eosinophil

Basophils

Neutrophils

Most abundant of wbc are the first responders in bacterial infection

Lymphocytes

Play a vital role in

the body's immune

response, with

subtypes including B

cells that produce

antibodies and T

cells that destroy

infected cells.

Monocytes

Cells differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to help control microbial infections.

Eosinophil

Primarily deal with

parasitic infections

and play a role in

allergic reactions.

Basophil

Release histamine during allergic reactions and help to enhance the inflammatory response