Making Salts

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4 Terms

1
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neutralisation reaction

acid + base —— salt + water

  • salts are ionic compounds

2
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Name the salts that are soluble

  • Lithium

  • sodium

  • potassium

  • ammonium

  • nitrate

  • most chloride, bromide, iodide - except for silver halides

  • most sulphates - except for barium, calcium, lead (form white precipitate)

  • most hydroxides are insoluble - except lithium, potassium, strontium, calcium, barium and ammonium hydroxide

3
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Making insoluble salts

  • pick two solutions that contains the ions you need

  • e.g. lead chloride - mix lead nitrate with sodium chloride

  • filter the solution wash and dry (precipitate formed)

4
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Making soluble salts using metal and insoluble bases

  • need an acid and insoluble base/metal

  • chloride - hydrochloric acid

  • sulfate - sulfuric acid

  • nitrates - nitric acid

    1. add solid metal oxide/ metal hydroxide to acid

    2. filter out excess metal to get salt solution

    3. pure solid crystals - evaporate some of water and leave rest to evaporate slowly (crystallisation)