The Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems Practice Test

The practice test in the third unit, The Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems, in the course Animal Anatomy and Physiology 1 at Penn Foster College.

Which muscles function to stabilize joints?

Fixator muscles

What type of cells break down bone tissue?

Osteoclasts

Which type of muscle pushes food through the small intestine?

Smooth muscle

Why is the sinoatrial node important in the heart?

Electrical impulses dictating contraction begin here.

What's the sensitive tissue underneath the hoof that attaches to the bone of the toe?

Corium

What's the outermost layer of the skin called?

Epidermis

What's the rounded end of the femur called?

Condyle

What type of hair is a whisker on a cat?

Tactile hair

Giraffes, mice, and dogs all have seven neck vertebrae, more formally called _______ vertebrae.

cervical

Cartilage acts as a template for bone formation in what process?

Endochondral ossification

What's the tough fibrous protein that's a major component of the skin?

Keratin

Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of what type of cells?

Adipocytes

How do the blood vessels in the skin respond if an animal is too cold?

Constrict to decrease blood flow to the skin

Where are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets produced?

Bone marrow

Which phase is characterized by active hair growth?

Anagen phase

Keratinocytes

Produce fibrous protein that gives skin its structure and toughness

Melanocytes

Produce skin pigment

Merkel cells

Mediate touch

Prickle cells

Not typically actively dividing but can divide in response to injury

Langerhans cells

Phagocytes involved in immune response

Put the regions of the spine in order, placing the closest to the head first and the closest to the tail last.

1. Cervical

2. Thoracic

3. Lumbar

4. Sacral

5. Coccygeal

Femur

Long bone

Tarsal bones (in feet and ankles)

Short bone

Patella

Sesamoid bone

Which of the following functions do bones perform in vertebrate animals?

a. Produce blood cells

b. Provide point of attachment for muscles

c. Protect internal organs

d. Produce materials such as claws, hooves, and horns

e. Store ATP

f. Produce sebum to lubricate the skin

a. Produce blood cells

b. Provide point of attachment for muscles

c. Protect internal organs

Beginning with a nerve impulse reaching the neuromuscular junction, put the following steps of muscle contraction into the correct order.

1) Acetylcholine is released into the synapse.

2) An electrical impulse is generated along the sarcolemma.

3) The T-tubule system carries the signal inside the cell.

4) The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases stored calcium ions.

5) Cross bridges on myosin slide back and forth.

6) Actin filaments are pulled toward the center of the myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.