part 1

A set of practice flashcards designed to aid in the review and understanding of key concepts from the biotechnology lecture notes.

What is biotechnology?

The use of living organisms or their products to make a product or solve a problem for human benefit.

Name two historical examples of biotechnology.

Selective breeding and the use of fermentation.

Which organism's genome was first sequenced to aid vaccine development?

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What technique allows scientists to identify and clone specific genes?

Recombinant DNA technology.

What are monoclonal antibodies used for?

Diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancer.

What event popularized the use of DNA profiling in forensics?

The Narborough Village Murders in 1983.

What is the purpose of the Human Microbiome Project?

To sequence the genomes of microorganisms living on and inside humans.

Name one application of CRISPR technology.

Gene editing to create modifications in an organism's genome.

What are therapeutic proteins?

Proteins produced by genetic engineering that have medical applications, such as insulin.

What is a benefit of using genetically modified crops?

They can be engineered for disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, and increased nutritional value.

How does gene therapy work?

By delivering therapeutic genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders.

What role do plant hormones play in agricultural biotechnology?

They are used to stimulate the growth of genetically modified plants.

What is the primary goal of microbial biotechnology?

To utilize microorganisms for valuable products and applications in various industries.

What technique is used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Transgenesis or genetic engineering.

What are some concerns regarding genetically modified organisms?

Potential allergic reactions, environmental impact, and the loss of biodiversity.

What two main types of genetic testing are there in forensic DNA analysis?

RFLP and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?

It mapped the entire human genome, providing insights into genetics and disease.

What is the purpose of using liposomes in gene delivery?

To facilitate the transfer of genes into cells.

What is the significance of the discovery of the insulin gene for recombinant DNA technology?

It was the first genetically engineered protein produced for human use.

What does the term 'biomanufacturing' refer to?

The production of biomolecules using biological processes.