Jeffersonian era

America's first major industry was

textiles

main contributor to the Trancendental movement was

Ralph Waldo Emerson

the election of 1832 contained all of the following except

parties creating political platforms

Which tariff caused the crisis over nullification?

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

What caused the Panic of 1819?

fall of cotton prices

Founder of Mormonism

Joseph Smith

founder of Salt Lake City

Brigham Young

President of Yale University

Timothy Dwight

father of the American Methodist Church

Frances Asbury

helped reform public education

Horace Mann

former slave who made trips to the South to lead slaves to freedom

Harriet Tubman

leader of one of the early and most violent slave revolts in the US

Nat Turner

editor of The Liberator - was a leader in the abolitionist movement

William Lloyd Garrison

inventor of the telegraph

Samuel Morse

created the first steamboat

Robert Fulton

inventor of the cotton gin and the technique of interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney

inventor of the steel plow

John Deere

he created the first textile mill in the US

Samuel Slater

the statement that describes what a political party believes about current issues

Platform

political groups not affiliated with either of the two major parties

Third Party

the view that states can reject congressional acts that they deem unconstitutional

nullification

replacement of government officeholders with supporters of the new administration

spoils system

a closed meeting of party members

caucus

this includes national funding for roads, canals, harbors, and railroads

American system

tax on imported goods

tariff

he became president when Harrison died of pneumonia

John Tyler

this vice president introduced the process of nullification

John C, Calhoun

the "Little Magician"

Martin van Buren

President who got fewer popular votes than the candidate he defeated

John Quincy Adams

speaker of the House who helped create the Missouri Compromise

Henry Clay

"The friend of the common man"

Andrew Jackson

Who benefitted the most from the protective tariff?

Northern Farmers benefited the moste beacuase it protected their factories from foreign competition; southern farmers suffered beacuase they had to pay high prices and faced trade problems.

• Higher Prices – The South bought many goods from Europe, so tariffs made those imports more expensive.

• Export Problems – Europe retaliated by placing tariffs on Southern cotton, making it harder to sell abroad.

• No Benefits – Unlike the North, the South had few factories, so they didn’t gain from the tariff’s protection.

order of the presidents during the Jacksonian Era

John Quincy Adams,Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison,John Tyler

Were all the Seminoles removed from Florida?

no, During the Second Seminole War (1835–1842), many Seminoles were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) as part of the Indian Removal Act. However, a small group resisted and retreated into the Florida Everglades, where they continued to live.

Which political party was the first to hold a national convention

The Anti-Masonic Party 1831, Baltimore, Maryland, Reason: To nominate William Wirt as their presidential candidate for the 1832 election.

What was the “log cabin” campaign

The "Log Cabin" campaign was the 1840 presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison

Describe the Cherokee nation and their accomplishments.

The Cherokee Nation was one of the most advanced Native American societies before and after European contact. They lived in the Southeastern U.S. (modern-day Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Alabama). Written Language, The Cherokee Phoenix, Advanced Government.

What Indian war in 1832 was an attempt to reclaim their land in northern Illinois?

The Black Hawk War

What was the Missouri Compromise?

an agreement that settled tensions over slavery in new U.S. territories.

Know the differences between the political parties

Democratic-Republicans Stronger state governments (states' rights)

• Strict interpretation of the Constitution

• Favoring agrarian economy (farming, rural life)

• Opposed a strong central government (against a national bank)

Federalists

• Strong central government

• Loose interpretation of the Constitution (to allow for a national bank and federal powers)

• Pro-business and industry

• Favored closer ties with Britain over France

Whigs

• Supported economic modernization (infrastructure, protective tariffs)

• Strong central government with federal involvement in the economy (like internal improvements and the national bank)

• Anti-slavery in many parts, but not necessarily abolitionist

• Opposed Andrew Jackson's presidency and "Jacksonian Democracy"

Democrats

• Stronger executive power (often associated with Jackson’s presidency)

• State sovereignty (against federal interference)

• Supported westward expansion

• Supported slavery in the South

Republicans

• Anti-slavery (formed in response to the spread of slavery into new territories)

• Believed in a strong federal government

• Supported economic development, infrastructure, and industry

• Initially, they were focused on halting the expansion of slavery, not abolition.

  Democrats favored strong state governments and an agrarian society.

• Whigs favored a strong national government and modernization.

• Republicans were anti-slavery, supported economic growth, and believed in a strong central government.

Who was Roger B. Taney

Roger B. Taney was the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court- Dred Scott decision (1857), where the Court ruled that enslaved African Americans and their descendants were not citizens and had no rights to sue in federal court. The decision also declared that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories, increasing tensions leading up to the Civil War.

Nicholas Biddle

Nicholas Biddle was the president of the Second Bank of the United States. He is most famous for his conflict with President Andrew Jackson during the Bank War. Jackson opposed the Bank, believing it gave too much power to the wealthy and was undemocratic

Robert Y. Hayne

Robert Y. Hayne was a U.S. Senator from South Carolina in the early 1800s. He is most famous for his role in the Nullification Crisis of the 1830s.He debated Daniel Webster in 1830, defending states' rights against federal authority.

William Henry Harrison

William Henry Harrison was the 9th U.S. President.

• He became famous for winning the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.

• He won the 1840 election with the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too."

• He died just 31 days into his presidency, making it the shortest in U.S. history

Sequoyah

Sequoyah was a Cherokee leader who created the Cherokee syllabary (a written alphabet) in the early 1800s.

Daniel Webster

Daniel Webster was a U.S. Senator and Secretary of State known for his strong speeches and support for the Union.

• He was a leading figure in the Whig Party.

Davy Crockett

Davy Crockett was a famous frontiersman, soldier, and politician in the 1800s.

• He is best known for his role in the Battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution, where he died fighting for Texas independence.

• He also served as a U.S. Congressman from Tennessee.

• Crockett became a legendary figure in American history and folklore, often called the "King of the Wild Frontier."

Independent Treasury

The Independent Treasury was a system created in 1840 to handle the U.S. government's money separately from private banks.

• It was meant to prevent the government’s funds from being controlled by state-chartered banks, which were unstable.

• The system allowed the government to keep money in its own vaults and manage it directly.

• It was part of President Martin Van Buren’s plan to stabilize the economy.

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Indian Removal Policy

The Indian Removal Policy was a plan by Andrew Jackson to move Native Americans from their land to areas west of the Mississippi River.

Kitchen Cabinet

Kitchen Cabinet was a group of unofficial advisors to President Andrew Jackson.

• They were called this because they met in the White House kitchen.

• Jackson trusted them more than his official cabinet members for advice on important issues.

Why did most Americans oppose federal funding of internal improvements?

they felt it should be the job of states, not the federal government.

Why did opponents attack John Quincy Adams

Opponents attacked John Quincy Adams because they thought he was too rich and out of touch with regular people.

• They believed he won unfairly in the 1824 election.

• They didn’t like his ideas for big government projects.

When did the vice president anonymously advocate for nullification

Vice President, John C. Calhoun, anonymously advocated for nullification in 1828.

When did Andrew Jackson propose the Force Bill

Andrew Jackson proposed the Force Bill in 1833 to make South Carolina follow federal laws after they refused to obey the tariff. It gave Jackson the power to use the military if needed.

What Indian tribe tried to keep lands with the help of missionaries

Cherokee

What did William Lloyd Garrison believe about the treatment of blacks

that blacks should be treated equally and should be free from slavery

What did the Romantics believe

The Romantics believed in feelings, imagination, and nature.They focused on emotions and the beauty of the natural world.

What was the Pony Express

a fast mail delivery service in the U.S. that operated from 1860 to 1861 Riders on horseback carried mail across the country, from Missouri to California.

• It was quick but short-lived, replaced by the telegraph.

What was the Second Great Awakening

The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement in the early 1800s.

• It encouraged people to revive their faith.

• It also inspired changes in society, like ending slavery and promoting women’s rights.

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What was New Harmony

New Harmony was a utopian community founded in 1825 in Indiana.

What was Deism?

Deism is the belief that God created the universe but does not interfere with its workings

What is a camp meeting

a large outdoor religious gathering

What was the Erie Canal?

a man-made waterway It connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie

Who was Stephen Foster

Stephen Foster was an American songwriter

DeWitt Clinton

DeWitt Clinton was the Governor of New York.

• He helped build the Erie Canal, which improved trade and travel.

• He also ran for president in 1812.

Dorothea Dix

an activist who worked to improve care for the mentally ill

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a leader in the fight to end slavery

Cyrus McCormick

an inventor who created the mechanical reaper

William McGuffey

an educator who wrote the McGuffey Readers, books used to teach children how to read.

Robert Owen

a reformer who tried to create a perfect community called New Harmony

Richard Allen

an African American preacher who founded the AME Church in 1816.

Thomas Cole

an American painter known for his beautiful landscape paintings

Mary Baker Eddy

founder of Christian Scienc

Charles Finney

a preacher and leader of the Second Great Awakening

the changes in transportation in America during the Jacksonian Era

• Steamboats for faster river travel.

• Railroads for quicker travel across long distances.

• Canals to help with trade between regions.

changes in education and what state was the model for public
education

opening up for more children, teachers were trained to improve the quality of education

What was Transcendentalism

a belief that people should trust their feelings and nature

What was the Seneca Fall Convention

the first large meeting for women's rights in the U.S., held in 1848 in New York.

What was Prohibition?

alcohol was made illegal