Argumentation for English Midterm

speaker

who is telling the story, what can you say about the person from the text, how can knowing the background of the person enhance the article/ essay

occasion

what are the time, place, and context of which the author is writing, and the issues surrounding the time

audience

the intended viewers for this article, who is it directed at, describe some characteristics of the viewers

purpose

why is the author writing, could be personal, can be directed at the audience, common ones include: to inform, persuade, describe, entertain, explain, argue, or explain

counter-argument

an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.

refutation

the action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false.

logical appeal

arguments, facts, statistics, etc

ethical appeal

values, connecting with the audience, establishes credibility

emotional appeal

stirs up positive or negative emotions

major claim (thesis)

a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved