Active transport and their types

What is the definition of active transport?

• Movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy in the form of hydrolysed ATP

What is produced when ATP is hydrolised?

• ADP + P

Which protein does Active transport take part in and why?

• Carrier proteins

• Because they need energy in order to change confirmation by binding of ATP to the carrier protein of the molecule so can move from one side of the membrane to the other

What are 2 example of active transport?

• Root hair cells uptalking ions from the soil uses active transport

• Glucose being absorbed into the the blood from the intestines using active transport

What are examples of molecules that use via active transport?

• Glucose

• Nitrates

What is bulk transport?

• The transport of large molecules or whole substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy in the form of hydrolysed ATP(ADP + P)

What are the 2 types of bulk transport?

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

What is Exocytosis and what is the process?

• The process by which materials are removed from/transported out the cell

• The substances are to be released, are packaged into secretory vesicles formed at the Golgi apprartus

• The Vesicles then travel towards the plasma membrane

• When it reaches the plasma membrane, they fuse with the plasma membrane and then the plasma membrane opens up and the vesicles secrete their contents

What is endocytosis, what are 2 types?

• Endocytosis is how large particles or molecules are brought into the cell by engulfing substances and forming vesicles which can then be transported to different parts of the cell

• Example: phagocytosis, pinocytosis(ingulfing of liquids)

What is phagocytosis and an example?

• This is the bulk intake of solid material by a cell

• The vesciles formed are called phagocytic vacoules

• An example is the ingulfing of pathogens by phagocytic white blood cells

Is ATP require in phagocytosis?

• Yes, it is requires to form and move the vesicles

What are cells which specialise in phagocytosis called?

• phagocytes

What is pinocytosis?

• This is the bulk intake of liquids if the vacuole(or vesicle)

What is micropinocytosis?

• This is when the vesicle(vacuole) formed is extremely small during pinocytosis

What is co-transport

• When a carrier protein has 2 binding sites for molecules to bind onto so it can move 2 things at once

Is co-tranport active or passive?

• Co-transport can be an active process(using ATP)or a passive process depending on whether it wants to move up or down the concentration gradient

What is another name for a carrier protein?

• A pump protein.