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Bhakti Movement
A Hindu movement beginning in the 12th century in southern India, emphasizing emotional devotion to a particular deity and attracting followers from all social classes, including women and low-caste individuals.
Qutub Minar
A towering structure in Delhi built during the Delhi Sultanate, symbolizing Islamic influence in northern India and combining elements of Hindu and Islamic architecture.
Urdu
A language that developed among Muslims in South Asia, combining the grammatical structure of Hindi with the vocabulary of Arabic and elements of Farsi, now the official language of Pakistan.
Proselytize
The act of attempting to convert others to a particular religion, as seen with the spread of Islam in South Asia where Muslim rulers and merchants encouraged conversion, although not always by force.
Mississippian
The first large-scale civilization in North America, known for building enormous earthen mounds.
Matrilineal society
A society in which social standing is determined by the woman's side of the family.
Mound-Building
The practice of constructing large earthen mounds, a key feature of Mississippian culture.
Cahokia
The largest mound built by the Mississippians, located in southern Illinois.
Mexica
Another name for the Aztecs, a civilization that built a powerful empire in central Mexico.
Theocracy
A system of government where religious leaders rule in the name of a god or gods.
Aztec human sacrifice
The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice as a religious ritual to repay the gods for creating the world.
Pachacuti
A powerful Incan leader who began the expansion of the Incan Empire.
Mit'a system
A mandatory public service in the Incan Empire where men provided labor for government projects.
Carpa Nan
A massive roadway system built by the Incas, spanning around 25,000 miles.
Mayan city-states
Independent cities in Mayan civilization, each ruled by a king and consisting of a city and surrounding territory.
Temple of the Sun
The most important temple in Incan religion, located in Cuzco and dedicated to the sun god, Inti.
Animism
The belief that elements of the physical world, like rivers and mountains, can have supernatural powers.