Unit 5 - AP Psych

Stress

how we perceive and respond to certain events

Eustress

a good kind of stress, causes you to get ready for something exciting

Distress

bad kind of stress, feel frozen and nervous

Fight or flight

fight, defending yourself or preparing yourself for the stress/flight, calming down and running away from the stress, afraid, can also be when you freeze and can’t go on

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Selye’s concept, believed that every time we perceive stress its in 3 stages

Alarm reaction

in phase 1, fight or flight activated, ready to challenge or run from the stress

Resistance

in phase 2, at height of stress, but if nothing happens to stress your system dies down and returns to normal

Exhaustion

in phase 3, your body is vulnerable if stress isn’t fixed, your body is being eaten away which leads to collapse

Tend-and-befriend response

when you reach out to others for help instead o staying stuck in your head (mainly in women)

Problem-focused coping

trying to get rid of the stress or change it so it doesn’t harm you

Emotion-focused coping

how do you feel about the stress, and ignoring the stress by avoiding it

Psychological disorders

disturbance in peoples thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, that cause distress/ suffering (impairing their lives)

Interaction model

looks at how many factors influence our mental condition

Diathesis-stress model

look at how our genetics react with environmental stressors

DSM-5-TR

book with list describing if this criteria is met, then they have this

World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Electric approach

psychotherapy that uses various therapy forms disorders

Anxiety disorders

a fear of something so intense that lead to behaviors that are not socially acceptable, improper behavior

Social anxiety disorder

fear and avoidance of social situations

General anxiety disorders (GAD)

when a person is constantly tense and on edge, always aroused and feel like something will happen

Panic disorder

anxiety disorder where you freak out and feel like your body is shutting down (unpredictable)

Attack de nervios

within Hispanic and Latin communities, intense emotional distress and anxiety

Taijin kyofusho

Japanese culture, judging of their body and how they look as undesirable

Agoraphobia

panic attack in a specific place and have a fear of that place, causing them to possibly have another panic attack in that place

Specific phobia

phobia marked by persistence

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (ODC)

unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions (can be both)

Hoarding disorder

need to keep things, fear for losing/ getting rid of things

Trauma and stressor-related disorders

group of disorders due to exposure of a traumatic or stressful event leading t psychological distress

Post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD)

disorder due to haunting memories

Depressive disorders

sad and empty feeling, effects physically and mentally

Major depressive disorder

where a person experiences 5 or more of the symptoms for depression

Persistent-depressive disorder

not as extreme, experience depressive symptoms more days then not

Bipolar disorders

disorder where you fluctuate between depressed an excited state of mania (manic-depressive disorder)

Bipolar I disorder

most severe form, experience an energy high with over ambition, believe they’re invisible

Mania

wild and active optimistic state, leads to poor judgment

Bipolar II disorder

less severe form of bipolar

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder

disorder where you suffer from delusions and hallucinations, overall very disorganized

Positive symptoms

inappropriate behaviors are shown

Negative symptom

appropriate behaviors are shown

Hallucinate

see, hear, feel, taste, and smell, things that exist with our mind

Delusions

your brain trick you into believing something about something that is real

Disorganized thinking

ca not form a solid thought

Disorganized speech

words or combination of words do not make sense

Word salad

nothing they say makes sense, words jumbled together

Flat affect

showing no emotions in a place where should show emotions, or show emotion in wrong place

Disorganized motor behavior

unusual or abnormal movement

Catatonia excitement

restless, cant stop moving

Catatonic stupor

state of being motionless

Dissociative disorders

disruption and discontinuation of normal memories, identities, and emotions

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

triggered and take on a new identity, and cant remember past memories

Dissociative amnesia

where you experience memory gaps even with an intact mind

Dissociative fugue

sudden total loss of their identity, causing them to run and live as a totally different person (till get snapped out of it)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

issue with cognitive abilities, that cause abnormalities in how they think and act

Autism-spectrum disorder (ASD)

limitation of communication/ social relationships, empathy, and feeling, and limitations of social interactions, and often fixate on a single interest, and preform relative behaviors

Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

extreme inattention and hyperactivity and impulsivity

Personality disorders

disorders observed by your behaviors and your inner experiences

Cluster A

people who are odd and do not mesh into society

Cluster B

people who have extreme and intense emotions

Cluster C

people who are constantly fearful and paranoid

CA: Paranoid personality disorder (PPD)

believe there is impending doom and threat around them

CA: Schizoid personality disorder (SPD)

constant detachment from social relationships, emotional expression, and interest in octal interactions - decreased emotion of surrounding

CA: Schizotypal personality disorder

constant state of paranoia and social anxiety, very odd (speak, behave, and believe weird things) - heightened emotion of surrounding

CB: Antisocial personality disorder

have a lack of conscious for wrongdoing, aggressive, ruthless, clever (even towards friends and family) - emotionless/remorseless (don’t care about consequences)

CB: Histrionic personality disorder (HPD)

excessive emotional attention seeing behavior, very unstable (ultra-dramatic, everything about them)

CB: Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

severe mode swings and impulsive behavior, inability to form stable personal relationships

CB: Narcissistic personality disorder

exaggerated sense of self pride, and a need for admiration, lack of empathy for other (bring someone down to make themselves sound better, sometimes don’t realize they do it, or might realize and not care)

CC: Avoidant persistence disorder (AVPD)

fearful if rejection and embarrassment you avoid even getting into the situation

CC: Dependent personality disorder (DPD)

very needy, want to be submissive and told what to do, major abandonment issues (a lot suffer from Stockholm syndrome)

CC: Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)

obsessive thoughts that lead to actions that soothe your order need

Deinstitutionalization

moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities

Psychotherapy

seeking out therapy from a professional to overcome something and grow

Biomedical therapy

treatment involving medication or medical procedures to address psychological issues.

Psychoanalysis

a therapeutic technique developed by Sigmund Freud that involves exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings to gain insight into psychological problems.

Free association

a technique used in psychoanalysis where clients are encouraged to verbalize thoughts freely to uncover unconscious processes.

Person catered therapy

developed by Carl Roger, its therapy truly catered to hat the client needed

Active listening

empathetic listening where the listener is looking for clarification

Behavior therapy

therapy skills to teach people to do less maladaptive behaviors

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

science based therapy in order to help improve a behavior

Exposure therapy

exposure to what dislike so that you on’t have as bad experience with something

Systematic desensitization

form of exposure that associates a pleasant experience with something bad

Fear hierarchy

ladder where they take/do the least threatening to most threatening thing

Aversion therapy

try to get you to avoid doing something your used to (used mainly for substance and alcohol abuse)

Token economy

form of operating conditioning technics, collect coins for doing something good and exchange a certain number for a reward

Cognitive therapy

helps people think of new ways to think, saying our thoughts lead to our actions

Cognitive restructuring

therapeutic technic to help you identify, help, and challenge your negative thoughts

Cognitive triad

made by Aaron Beck, discusses the 3 types of negative thoughts that depressed people have about themselves

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

changing your thought and behaviors together

Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)

acceptance and change

Rational emotional behavioral therapy (REBT)

challenges peoples self discriminating thoughts

Group therapy

therapy in group to help with the interaction in a group of people who understand

Family therapy

therapy that treats people in their family environment, views individuals role

Biofeedback

technique where individuals learn to control their psychological responses

Hypnosis

interaction between hypnotist and patient that what they believe is real isn’t

Psychoactive drug

chemicals substances that alter how your brain works

Antipsychotic drugs

drug used to treat those who are experiencing thought disorders and hallucinations (schizophrenia)

Tardive dyskinesia

jerky movement from to much medical dopamine

Lithium

calms the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

therapy for severe depression where you send an electric shock to the brain of a person under anesthetize

Transcranial electrical stimulation

similar to ECT but on a weaker level

Transcranial magnetic-stimulation (TMS)

sending of magnetic energy to brain , used to stimuli or suppress brain activity