Reversible Reactions and Industrial Processes

What is meant by a reversible reaction?

A reaction that can go in either direction and is represented by ⇌

Ammonia is made in the Haber process, state the conditions and raw materials

Conditions: 350-450⁰C, 150-200 atmospheres in pressure and an iron catalyst. Raw materials: nitrogen gas from air and hydrogen gas made from methane.

What test is used to identify ammonia gas?

Damp red litmus paper turns blue in the presence of ammonia

Briefly describe the production of sulfuric acid in the Contact process.

1.sulfur is burned in air to make sulfur dioxide,

2. sulfur dioxide reacts with more oxygen to make sulfur trioxide,

3. sulfur trioxide reacts with water to make sulfuric acid

Give 6 uses of sulfuric acid

making fertilisers, paints, dyes, fibres, plastics and detergents

What would you observe when reacting concentrated sulfuric acid with sugar and hydrated copper sulfate?

Copper sulfate changes from blue to white. Sugar turned black and swelled

How can you identify ammonium ions?

Add sodium hydroxide and warm gently to release ammonia gas (which turns damp red litmus blue)

What are the benefits of using nitrogenous ferilisers?

Nitrogen is needed to make protein which is needed fro healthy plant growth.

What are the problems of using nitrogenous fertilisers?

If they become washed into waterways they can cause Eutrophication