Gross Brain Anatomy

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the gross brain surface anatomy.

What is the area made up by pars opercularis and triangularis?

Broca’s speech area

located in left frontal lobe

What is the role of Broca’s area?

motor component of speech (verbal fluency, grammar processing, attention in speech)

What is the function of the Pre-Frontal Cortex?

cognitive control (executive function)

attention

impulse inhibition

prospective memory

cognitive flexibility

What is the role of Wernicke’s Area?

speech comprehension

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

control of voluntary movement

attention, short term memory tasks

motivation, planning

speech

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

integration of proprioceptive and mechanoceptive stimuli

language processing

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

visual processing

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

decode sensory input into meaning for retention

What is the role of the limbic lobe?

modulate emotions

modulate visceral and autonomic functions

learning and memory

What is the role of the insular lobe?

process and integrate taste sensation, visceral and pain sensation, and vestibular functions

What is the role of the insula?

sensorimotor processing

socio-emotional processing

cognitive functions

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

epithalamus

thalamus

subthalamus

hypothalamus

What is the distribution of the internal carotid artery?

walls of cavernous sinuses, pituitary gland, trigeminal gland

primary brain supply

What is the distribution of the anterior cerebral artery?

cerebral hemispheres, excluding occipital lobes

What is the distribution of the anterior communicating artery?

circle of Willis

What is the distribution of the middle cerebral artery?

lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres

What is the distribution of the vertebral artery?

cranial meninges

cerebellum

What is the distribution of the basilar artery?

brainstem

cerebellum

cerebrum

What is the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery?

inferior cerebral hemisphere

occipital lobe

What is the distribution of the posterior communicating artery?

optic tract

cerebral peduncle

internal capsule

thalamus

What is a sulcus?

groove or “valley”

What is a gyrus?

ridge or “mountain”

What divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

central sulcus

What divides the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

lateral sulcus

What divides the cingulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus?

cingulate sulcus

What runs through the occipital lobe and separates then cuneus and lingual gyrus?

calcarine sulcus

What divides the parietal lobe from occipital lobe?

parieto-occipital sulcus

What structures are in the frontal lobe?

primary motor cortex

premotor cortex

Broca’s area

prefrontal cortex

What structures are in the parietal lobe?

primary somatosensory cortex

supramarginal gyrus

angular gyrus

What structures are in the temporal lobe?

primary auditory cortex

Wernicke’s area

What structures are in the occipital lobe?

primary visual cortex

visual association cortex

What structures are in the limbic lobe?

cingulate gyrase

parahippocampal gyrus

What connects the lateral ventricles?

interventricular foramen

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

cerebral aqueduct

What produces the CSF in the ventricles?

choroid plexus

What reabsorbs the CSF in the ventricles?

arachnoid villi into superior sagittal sinus