Cell Structures and Mitosis

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering cell structures and phases of mitosis based on lecture slides.

Centrosome

An orgnmanelle consisting of X that functions as the primary microtub-ule-organizing center in eukaryotic cells.

Golgi Complex

An organelle composed of flattened membranous sacs involved in modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins and lipids.

Mitochondria

Membrane-bound organelles with internal folded cristae that generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Cilia

Hair-like extensions on the surface of certain cells, such as lung epithelial cells, that move rhythmically to sweep substances across the cell surface.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A network of membrane-bound sacs studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis and folding of proteins.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A membrane network lacking ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, phospholipid production, and metabolism.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures composed of RNA and proteins that translate genetic material into proteins.

Microfilaments

Thin cytoskeletal protein filaments made of actin that assist in maintaining cell shape, cell movement, and cell division.

Intermediate filaments

Cytoskeletal fibers that provide structural strength, mechanical support, and stability to eukaryotic cells.

Flagella

Long, tail-like cellular appendages, such as those on sperm, that oscillate to propel cells forward.

Mitosis-Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, performs routine functions, and replicates its DNA before mitosis begins.

Mitosis-Prophase

The initial stage of nuclear division in which chromatin condenses into distinct chromosomes and the mitotic spindle forms.

Mitosis-Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where duplicated chromosomes line up along the center line (metaphase plate) of the cell.

Mitosis-Anaphase

The stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

Mitosis-Telophase

The stage of nuclear division where nuclear membranes reform around separated sets of daughter chromosomes.

Mitosis-Cytokinesis

The physical process of cytoplasm division that splits a single eukaryotic cell into two daughter cells following mitosis.

Interphase post mitosis

The state when newly divided daughter cells complete cytokinesis and re-enter interphase to grow and function normally.